《科技英语》PPT课件

computers enable them to perform operations
at high speeds.
元件，构件
计算机在体积上差别很大，最小的可以嵌入 一块手表内，而最大的则可以占据整个房间。计 算机的电子元件可以使其以高速运行。
The fastest computer is
able to perform billions of calculations per second. Computes
期望的结果
对每个问题，使用者都必须提供必需的数据并预先编好正确的程序 （运行顺序），计算机通过程序处理数据并给出期望的结果。
Because of , on account of
极大的，巨大的
晶体管
Owing to the tremendous progress in
the micro-miniaturization of the transistor
实际上
部门，扇区
增生，扩散
自20世纪60年代后期，由于晶体管（计算机 的基本元件）在微型化方面取得的巨大进展，廉 价的小型计算机在社会的各个部门都得到了广泛 的应用。
发达国家
帮助，支援
Industrialized countries have become
dependent on computers to assist in daily
since it normally also contains the
arithmetic and logic unit, is known as the
central processing unit (CPU), namely the
central processing unit (CPU) consists of a
computers usually mean electronic digital machines because electronic digital machines have many advantages and are widel品y 种us，ed种.类
一般说来，该术语不仅仅指电子机器，也可 指机械式的、模拟的或其它类型的。虽然这些种 类都在使用，但计算机通常指的是电子数字机器， 因为电子数字机器有许多优点并且得到了广泛的 应用。
英语知识小点滴
按揭购房 take out a mortgage to buy a house;
buy a house on time
执行计算
处理数据
A computer is an electronic machine that performs calculations and processes data automatically at high speed according to a prescribed sequence of operations.
1） Input: devices used to transfer information into the computer. 2）Output: devices used to transfer information out from the computer to the outside world. 3）Input/Output: devices which can be used for both the input and the output of data.
bus structure.
在一个简单的微型计算机系统中，集成电路
的布置通常与计算机系统的这种功能性的划分相
适应。计算机中各个部分之间通信的主要方法是
利用一条或多条总线。总线包括一组用来传输信
息的信号线。CPU的周围布满了总线。
致力于做…用来
The parts of the computer which are
Thus, a solid working knowledge of computers
is beneficial to most people.
背景（知识）
扎实的
同其他重大科技产品相比，计算机可被 更多的用户在家庭和办公中所使用，其中包括那 些几乎或完全没有专业背景的人。因此扎实的计 算机操作知识对大多数人都是有用的。
规定的
计算机是一种电Leabharlann 机器，它能够按照规定的运行顺序以高速进行自动计算 和数据处理。
模拟的
一般地说，泛泛地说
Broadly speaking, the term can
refer not only to an electronic machine but
also to one of a mechanical, analog, or other variety. Although all these types are used,
Computer Knowledge 计算机知识
2.1 Computer 2.2 Programming Languages 2.2 Computer Viruses
Computer 计算机
英语谚语一则
课前小知识
Constant dripping wears away a stone. 水滴石穿，绳锯木断。
与……相比
Compared with other important
technological products, computers are used in
home and office by far more people, including
those with little or no technical background.
感谢下 载
(the basic element of computers) since the
late 1960s, inexpensive and small computers
have become widely available, proliferating
in virtually every sector of society.
involved in the transfer of data to and from the outside world are know as peripheral devices and can be categorized as follows:
外部设备
计算机中用来和外界进行数据传输交换 的部分被称为外部设备，可以划分为以下几类：
and scientific and engineering
交易
computation航s班. 预定
最快的计算机每秒钟可以进行几十亿次运算。 人们应用计算机解决众多问题如工资表计算、库 存资产记录、银行账目交易、航班预定以及科技 与工程方面的运算。
程序
For each problem, the user must supply the necessary data and prepare an appropriate program (sequence of operations) by which the computer can process the data to produce the desired output.
by the arithmetic and logic unit.
指令
存储器用来存储算术逻辑单元的指令和数据。
协调
位于
The control unit coordinates the
operations of the computer and most of the
control resides in a central unit which,
方框图
A computer can be represented in
block diagram form as shown in Fig.2-1. It consists of five functional blocks: memory, input, output, control and arithmetic and logic unit.
control unit and 中a央n 处ar里it器hmetic and logic unit.
控制器用来协调计算机的操作，并且绝大多 数控制器被设置于中央单元内，由于中央单元一 般也包含算术逻辑单元，因而它被称作中央处理 器（CPU），即中央处理器（CPU）由控制器和算 术逻辑单元组成。
微型计算机
工资 表计 算
库存 are used to solve numerous problems,
资产 such as payroll calculations,
记录
inventory records, bank account transactions, airline reservations,
银行 账目
1) 输入设备：用来向计算机输入信息的设备。 2）输出设备：用来将信息从计算机向外传输的设备。 3）输入/输出（I/O）：可同时用来进行数据输入和
输出的设备。
小结
transistor:晶体管； memory:存储器； instruction:指令； input:输入（设备）； output :输出（设备） ； control :控制器 arithmetic and logic unit:算术逻辑单元； central processing unit （CPU）:中央处理单元；microcomputer:微型计算 机； integrated circuit:集成电路； bus:总线； peripheral device:外部设备.
In a simple
microc集o成mp线ut路er
system,
integrated circuits often correspond to this
functional division of computer systems. The
main method of communication between the
life, for they are used in countless
activities, such as manufacturing,
transportation, communication, education, and
business. 活动
生产
发达国家已经依靠计算机来确保日产生活的 正常运行，因为它们已被应用于无数活动中，比 如生产、运输、通信、教育和商业。
存储器、输入设备、输出设备、控 制器、算术逻辑单元
计算机可以表示为图2-1所示的方框图形式， 它由存储器、输入设备、输出设备、控制器及算 术逻辑单元五个功能块所组成。
The memory is used to store
instructions and data which are processed
加入，装入
Computers vary greatly in size; the
smallest can be incorporated into a
wristwatch, while the largest may fill an
entire room. The electronic components of
various component parts of a computer is by
the use of one or more buses. A bus consists
of a group of signal lines used to carry
information. The CPU is organized aro总un线d a