浅谈增词法、省略法在英汉翻译中的技巧

浅谈增词法、省略法在英汉翻译中的技巧

李凯玉

A Study of Amplification and Omittion in

English-Chinese Translation Skills

Li Kaiyu

摘要：文字的增补与省略，并不是说在原文思想内容之外，再增加什么意思或减少什么意思，而是说，在保证译文和原文意思完全一致的前提下，在字面上作一些补充或删减，其目的是使译文更加真实流畅。在翻译中，有些词在特定词组中失去具体实义，仅仅表明范畴，想“态势”、“状态”、“问题”、“局面”等，按我们汉语的搭配习惯，组成“以实带虚”相对的固定词组。象“衣食住行问题”、“听天由命的心态”、“贫穷落后的状况”等。英语和汉语表达方式不一样，他习惯使用抽象名词来表达与汉语词组相同的意思，所以翻译的时候要注意。关键要根据上下文，确定这些词在句子里是否具有实在的意义，则省略不译，以免产生累赘。这是最忌讳的！

关键词：增词；省略；翻译

Abstract: With the addition of the words omitted, it does not mean that the original ideological content, the increase or decrease in the meaning of what it meant, It said that to ensure translations and the original meaning is fully consistent with the premise that literally make some additions or delete. The purpose is true: more fluent. In translation, some words have lost their specific real justice in a particular phrase, merely indicates areas like "ours" and "state" "problems" and "situation", according to our customary mix of Chinese, "which in real modest" relative to the fixed phrase. Like "green" and "fatalistic mentality," and "the situation of poverty and backwardness." English and Chinese expression is not, he used abstract terms with the Chinese phrase to express the same meaning. Therefore, we must pay attention to the translation. The key to the light of the context, the possibility of determining these words have real meaning of the sentence., it cannot be translated. In order to avoid cumberance. This is the most taboo!

Key words:Amplification; Omitted; Translation

引言

翻译是一种跨越时空的语言活动，是“一种语言已经表达出来的东西用另一种语言完整而准确的表达出来。英语中有些动词做不及物动词时，宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的，译成汉语时往往把它表达出来。英语动词有时和体的变化，而汉语动词却没有对等的表现形式，

翻译是增加一些表示时体和语气的词才行。

一、修辞，逻辑，意义等方面的需要。

（1））英语中有些动词用作不及物动词时，宾语常隐含在动词后面，译成汉语时往往需要把他表达出来增补汉语动词：Amplification of Chinese verbs.

Eg: A: There were no speech no foreign diploments, no ordinary Chinese with paperflags and bouguets of flowers.

没有（发表）讲话，没有各国外交官（到场），也没有普通中国人（挥舞）纸旗花来的场面。

B: He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.

他没有（致）闭幕词就（宣布）结束会议。

（adding verbs “致” and “宣布”）

C: After the banquets the concerts and the table tennis exhibitor, he went home tiredly.

在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演后，他疲惫的回家了。

（2）增补汉语副词。为表达原文意思，有些动词在一定场合可以根据上下文增加适当的副词。

Eg: A: As he sat down and began talk ,words pound out.

他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝的讲个没完。

B: I had a imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.

原来我以为这不过是一种亲热的表现，但是现在看来，这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来断定是不是自己亲生的。

（3）增补汉语名词：英语中有些动词用作不及物动词是，宾语常隐含在动词后面，译成汉语时往往需要把他表达出来。