英汉翻译——视角转换

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含否定意义的英语表达法


英语表达否定意义除了通过使用一些明显表示 否定意义的副词和连接词以外,英语里还有大 量的短语或搭配暗含否定意义,如“far from, other than”等。在翻译时,灵活使用这些表达, 可以使语言更灵活地道。 e.g. The world today is far from peaceful. 今天的世界还很不安宁。
英译汉中被动句的处理




二、译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句 1. The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the fire. 大火使这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。 2. The plan is going to be examined first by the research group. 计划将先由研究小组加以研究。
英译汉中被动句的处理

这类句型有: It is said that... 据说,有人说,人们说 It should be pointed out that... 必须指出的是 It must be admitted that... 必须承认
新闻翻译

The House that Looks like Hitler The owner of a house in Swansea (斯旺西) was left bewildered when hundreds of thousands of twitter users compared his house to Hitler’s face. It was pointed out that the features of the house matched the fringe(刘海), moustache and piercing eyes of the dictator. Neighbor Lyn Thomas, 25, said: “I don’t know why it would be designed in such a way. It is uncanny(怪异).”
英译汉中被动句的处理


三、译成汉语主动句 1 形式上是主动句,表达被动意义 The whole country was armed in a few days. 几天以内,全国就武装起来了。 Another middle school has been set up in our district. 我们区又办了一所中学。
英汉语主动与被动的比较:

英汉语态使用的比较: (B)汉语则很少使用被动语态,即使用,也不像英 语那样有统一,固定的构成形式。主要有两种表现形 式:一种是含有“被,受,挨,遭,给,为,让”等 字样; 而大多数情况下,是采用第二种,用主动态表 达被动含义。如:“飞鸟尽,良弓藏;狡兔死,走狗 烹”。因此,在英汉互译中,常常要变换语态。
Assignment

The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.



地处中国南部漓江之滨的桂林无疑是中国最美 的城市之一。(学生作业)
英语倾向于用否定句表达绝对概念
Nothing is impossible.
凡事皆有可能。
英语倾向于用否定句表达绝对概念




粮食最能激起民众的感情,因为它最直接关系 到个人的生存乃至国家的生存。 No issue is more emotion-rousing than food, because no issue is as basic to individual and national survival. 现代生活中所有的东西都受时尚的影响。 Almost nothing in modern life escapes the influence of fashion.
人人生而平等。
All men are created equal.


I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted , every hill and mountain shall be made low , and rough places will be made plane , and crooked places will be made straight , and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed , and all flesh shall see it together. 我梦想有一天, 深谷弥合, 高山夷平崎路化坦 途, 曲径成通衢, 上帝的光华再现, 普天下生灵 共谒。
英语翻译中的视角转换
一份耕耘,一份收获。
No pains, no gains.
翻译中的视角转换
一·正反转换
翻译中的正反转换


Please keep the fire burning when I’m out. 我不在家时,请别让炉子灭了。
译作欣赏

1. Matties’s hand was underneath, and Ethan kept his claps on it a moment longer than was necessary. 玛蒂的手在下面,伊坦把它握住,没有立刻放 开。(《伊坦· 弗洛美》,吕叔湘译) 2. Guilin by the banks of the Li River in southern China is justifiably considered to be one of the most beautiful in China.
在黑人得到公民权之前,美国既不会安宁,也不会平静。
…their
destiny is tied up with our destiny 他们的命运同我们的命运紧密相连. . .
It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. 这个梦深植于美国梦之中
英译汉中被动句的处理
五.含主语从句的被动句型译为主动句




以it作形式主语的英语句子,翻译时常要转为主动 形式,有时可加上“有人”、“大家”、“我们” 等不确定主语。例如: It is suggested that meeting be put off till next Monday. 有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。 It is well known that natural light is actually made up of many colors. 众所周知,自然光其实是由许多种颜色构成的。

英译汉中被动句的处理



一、译成汉语被动句 1. The window pane was broken by the child. 窗上玻璃被这小孩打碎了。 2.North China was hit by an unexpected heavy rain,which caused severe flooding. 华北地区遭受了一场意外的大雨袭击,引起了 严重的水灾。
二 主动与被动转换
英汉语主动与被动的比较:



英汉语态使用的比较: (A)英语大量使用被动态, 主要形式是助动词be+ 过去分词。尤其是在强调客观性的科技和新闻文体中。 因为石油深埋于地下,靠研究地面,不能确定石油的 有无。 As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface.
wk.baidu.com
英译汉中被动句的处理

2 译成带表语的主动句---“是……的”。
History is made by the people. 历史是人民创造的。


英译汉中被动句的处理


四、译成无主语句 Some measures must be taken to control the water pollution. 必须采取某些措施来控制水污染。
The House that Looks like Hitler
译作欣赏
I Have a
Dream
There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights.
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