贷款政策

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贷款政策

（1）商业银行的贷款构成和贷款质量反映了商业银行的贷款政策。

（2）银行的贷款政策体现了银行的贷款风格，包括：贷款优先权的排序、贷款的程序、贷款业务活动的日常监控等等。是银行进行贷款业务的指南，也是银行进行贷款风险管理的一个重要工具。

（3）贷款政策必须以书面形式固定下来，从董事会到管理层都必须牢记并掌握。

（4）贷款政策一般每年修订一次，以确保银行的贷款业务和贷款风险管理能适应市场的发展。

贷款政策内容

商业银行的贷款政策一般包括3个部分：第一部分是银行贷款政策的一般性描述；第二部分是关于银行贷款组合结构和管理的技术性及程序性描述；第三部分是关于每一种贷款的具体管理程序和指标的详细描述。具体如下：

银行贷款政策的主要内容

I. General policy statements III. Parameters and procedures by type of loan

A. objectives A. Real estate mortgage loans

B. Strategies 1. Loan description

1. Loan mix

2. Purpose of loan proceeds

2. Liquidity and maturity structure

3. Preffered maturities

3. Size of portfolio

4. Pricing: rates, fees, balances

C. Trade area 5. Minimum and maximum amounts

D. Credit standard 6. Insurance requirements

1. Types of loans 7. Perfection of collateral

2. Secured vs. unsecured guidelines 8. Channels of approval for policy

3. Collateral B. Intrim construction financing

4. Terms C. Accounts receivable loans

E. Loan authorities and approval D. Inventory loans

II. Principles and procedures E. Term loans

A. Insurance protection F. Securities purchase loans

B. Documentation standards and security G. Agricultural loans

interest H. Small business loans

C. Problem loan collections and charge-offs I. Consumer loans

D. Legal constraints and compliance J. Purchased loans

E. Loan pricing

F. Financial information requirement from borrowers

G. Ethical issues and conflicts of interest

H. Loan review

贷款政策要点

Objectives

（1）Bank’s internal and external mission

（2）Perceived business role in its trade area

（3）Perceived market niche

（4）Desired profitability

（5）Maintenance of public confidence

（6）Degree of competitiveness and aggressiveness

（7）Quantify loan growth and earning objectives

（8）Desired size of loan portfolio in relation to total deposits or total assets

Strategies

（1）Express risk management strategies in more concrete terms

（2）Desired types , geographical areas and risk of loans in bank’s loan portfolio

（3）Quantify the desired loan mix, diversification of loan placement, reduce concentration risk

（4）Describe bank’s in-house limit--the maximum amount to lend to any one customer

（5）Mention the undesirable types of loans and borrowers

（6）Describe the desired maturity structure of the loan portfolio

Credit standards

（1）State the types of loans the bank considers desirable

（2）Indicate both desirable and unacceptable types of collateral

（3）Indicate the circumstances in which unsecured lending is prohibited

（4）Verify the quality and liquidity of collateral

（5）Describe the maximum loan-to-collateral-value ratios

（6）Specify the responsibilities and procedures for appraisals

Loan authorities and approvals

（1）Estabilish lending limits for all loan officers/total limit/limit to one customer/limit available

（2）Estabilish lending limits for combinations of loan officers

（3）Estabilish lending limits for loan committees

Insurance protection

（1）Indicate the types of borrowers who must be insured（death/natural disaste/destroy of collateral）

（2）Indicate what classes of borrowers should be under reinsurance programs