犊牛疾病和管理

犊牛疾病和管理

CALF DISEASES AND MANAGEMENT

Jin-An Huang

VMRD Beijing

新生犊牛腹泻 Neonatal Scours

犊牛呼吸系统疾病 BRD

败血症 Septicemia 寄生虫 Parasites 梭菌病 Clostridia 无浆体病 Anaplasma 巴贝斯虫病 Babesia

口蹄疫—不同血清型/亚型，生物安全问题，需要能够全面激活免疫的标记疫苗 FMDV – Different serotypes/subtypes, biosecurity, needs of marker vaccines with “sterilizing” immunity

副结核—慢性消耗病，很难建立疾病模型进行有效性评估 Johne’s Disease – chronical

wasting disease, difficult to establish a disease model for efficacy assessment

犊牛疾病

CALVE DISEASES

犊牛健康-影响因素

CALF HEALTH - IMPACTING FACTORS

•牧场操作/管理Farm practice/management

•环境（流行病学）/天气Environment (disease epidemiology)/ weather

•应激-生活条件/牛群大小/饲养密度/转群Stresses – living conditions/herd size/animal

density/movements, …

•疾病易感性（遗传）Sensitive to diseases (genetic)

•断奶日龄Weaning age

•营养不良-饲料品质差Malnutrition – poor feed sources

•缺乏及时/可负担的诊断来做出早期/快速决策Lack of timely/affordable diagnosis for early/quick decisions

•不充分的预防措施Inadequate prevention program

•无疫苗/疫苗质量差/不正确的免疫程序No vaccine/Poor vaccines/Incorrect vaccination

programs

•初乳品质差Poor colostrum

•…

新生犊牛腹泻-临床症状/诊断/治疗

NEONATAL SCOURS – CLINICAL/DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT 主要原因 Main Causes:

轮状病毒 Rotavirus (G6/G10; P5/P11)

冠状病毒，诺如病毒，大肠杆菌，沙门氏菌，球虫，隐孢子虫Coronavirus, Norovirus, E. coli,

Salmonella, Coccidia, Cryptosporidia

临床症状 Clinical signs:

-发黄的，变色的，恶臭的腹泻 Yellow, discolored, malodorous diarrhea

-严重脱水 Severe dehydration

-精神抑郁/昏睡 Depression / Lethargy -食欲减退 Inappetance -体重减轻 Weight Loss -死亡 Death

诊断

Diagnosis

-观察 Observation

-粪便样品采集 Fecal sample -尸体解剖 Necropsy 治疗（支持疗法）

Treatment (supportive)

-补液 Fluids

-电解质 Electrolytes -抗生素 Antibiotics

新生犊牛腹泻-预防

NEONATAL SCOURS - PREVENTION

•许多因素需要考虑Multifactorial consideration

•及时诊断，早期处理Timely diagnosis and early intervention

•提高牧场管理水平Improved farm management

•适合的生活环境—控制饲养密度，清洁干燥的环境，通风良好Adequate living conditions – controlled density, clean/dry environment, with good ventilation

•合理应用消毒剂Appropriate application of disinfectants

•良好的营养Good nutrition

•高品质初乳Quality colostrum

•最大程度减少人为干预/运输Minimal handling/transportation

•免疫怀孕期母牛提高初乳质量Vaccination of dams during gestation to improve the colostrum quality

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犊牛呼吸系统疾病-多因素造成的 BRD – MULTIFACTORIAL CONSEQUENCE * 有时细菌感染前并没有发生病毒感染 At times, a bacterial infection may occur without prior viral infection

** 症状可能包括肺炎，肺部损伤或其他感染 Symptoms could include pneumonia, lung damage, or other infection

资料来源：澳洲肉类与畜牧业协会；专家组所作的分析 Source:Meat and Livestock Australia; team analysis

应激因素 Stress factors

•群内竞争 Pen competition

•群成员增减 Pen additions and movements •人为操作 Handling •极端天气 Weather extremes •灰尘 Dust •饲料和饮水改变 Feed and water changes •断奶Weaning •买卖场地 Sale yards •运输 Transport •外伤 Injury •脱水 Dehydration •入新群 Comingling 感染源 Infectious agents

细菌Bacteria

病毒Viruses •巴斯德氏菌 Pasteurellas –曼氏溶血杆菌 Mannheimia haemolytica –多杀性巴氏杆菌 Pasteurella multocida –海藻糖巴氏杆菌 Pasteurella trehalose •睡眠嗜血杆菌 Histophilus somni

•支原体 Mycoplasma bovis •牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒 IBR

•牛病毒性腹泻病毒 BVD •牛呼吸道合胞病毒BRSV •副流感病毒 PI3 •冠状病毒 +/- Coronavirus 应激Stress

免疫力低Lowered

Immunity

病毒感染Viral infection 损伤呼吸道Damage to respiratory tract 细菌增殖Bacterial proliferation*

呼吸系统疾病综合征 BRD

complex**