Book5 unit2 语法 过去分词作宾补用法归纳

过去分词作宾补用法归纳

英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：

She found the door broken in when she came back. (宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)

一．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep, leave等的后面。

E.g: They kept the door locked for a long time.

Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. (谚语：少说多看）

Don't leave such an important thing undone.

Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

二．过去分词用在get, have, make 的后面。

1. 注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：have sb./sth. done

A）表"让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做"

eg: I have had my bike repaired.

The villagers had many trees planted just then. 就在那时，村民叫人种了许多树。

B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受. . . . 影响，蒙受. . . . . 损失" eg: I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

He had his leg broken in the match yesterday. (MET1986)

2. "make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：

They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English. 他们用了很简单的英语来设法使自己被理解。

I raised my voice to make myself heard.

三、过去分词用在感观动词watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find 等后面。如

When we got to school, we saw the door locked.

We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

He felt himself cheated.

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.

过去分词表被动关系；不定式强调动作发生的全过程；现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。

I saw her come into the classroom.

I saw her coming into the classroom.

I saw her taken out of the classroom.

四、过去分词用在want, wish, like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。相当于过去分词短语前省略了to be，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”

The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

I want the suit made to his own measure. 我想要照他自己的尺寸做这套衣服。

I wish these letters (to be) typed as soon as possible.

五、过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系（被动关系）。

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.

With everything well arranged, he left the office.

不定式表示动作未发生；现在分词表示宾语与宾补之间是主动关系；过去分词表被动

With the work finished,they went to the seaside for a holiday.

With so many cars coming and going in the street, the traffic is very busy.

With so much work to do,he only stayed in the office.

六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。

过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

E.g: He didn't notice me waiting. (正在等)

I heard the song sung in English. （歌曲被唱）

I saw him opening the window.

I saw the window opened.

I saw him open the window.

I heard her sing the song in English.

过去分词作宾语补足语

过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的、完成的动作，宾语补足语与宾语之间常常存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。【归纳】可以接过去分词作宾语补足语的（短语）动词有：

1. watch, see, observe, look at, hear, listen to, find, notice等感官动词。如： I watched the desk carried out of the classroom. The man found his hometown entirely de stroyed.

2. make, get, have, keep, leave等使役动词。如： My mother has her hair cut every two months. We must get the work finished before 6 o’clock. The speaker didn’t know how to make himself understood.

3. want, order等表示希望、命令等意义的动词。如： All of us wanted such questions discussed at the meeting. The manager ordered the proble m settled as soon as possible. 【拓展】

★介词with后也可接过去分词作宾语补足语，构成with复合结构。如： With more flowers planted, the garden looks very beautiful. ★动词⁃ing形式、过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别：动词⁃ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语，宾语是其动作的执行者。动词⁃ing形式强调动作的正在进行或延续性，不定式强调动作的全过程。过去分词作宾语补足语，通常宾语是其动作的承受者，多强调动作的完成。如：

Did you hear someone singing a French song just now? （someone与singing之间是逻辑上的主