柏拉图教育思想论文

华中科技大学硕士学位论文柏拉图的教育思想姓名：刘臻申请学位级别：硕士专业：马克思主义哲学指导教师：马天俊

摘要

在柏拉图丰硕的著述成果中，能反映其教育思想的文献，主要是《理想国》和《法篇》。在这里，柏拉图阐明了教育必须为国家培养保卫者——哲学家和军人的观点。他所阐述的教育思想基于经过深入思考的人性论，基于他对人的心理的理解，基于对人的人格结构的分析。这一教育思想体系的内容出自他对实在的终极性质的理论认识，出自他对认识阶段性的理论认识，这个认识的阶梯结构使人从影像世界上升到对最高价值即善本身的直观变得可能。他为人所规定的这一教育的目的是双重的：将国家主义教育和个人主义教育融为一体，促成个人的身体发育以及道德和理智的进步，造就具有履行国家公民职责所需要的个人素养、身心能力、态度和性情、技巧和知识的统治者和辅助者等级。

论文分为六个部分。第一部分主要概述柏拉图教育思想的内容并略论对其探讨的当代意义。第二部分简要考察柏拉图以前的教育思想。第三部分论述教育与理想国家建构之间内在的必然关联。第四部分通过对教育概念及其实质的界定，重点强调以辩证法为媒介的灵魂转向说的终极目标——认识最高价值，即善的理念。第五部分论述教育管理与内容。第六部分论述柏拉图教育思想的特征，总结全文并对其当代意义作出评论。

关键词：柏拉图教育思想理想国家善的理念灵魂转向

Abstract

In the plentiful and substantial writing production of Plato, the literatures whichmostly reflect his educational ideas are 《the ideal country》 and 《law》.In these psapers,Plato illuminates that education must cultivates these person who protect their countries--philosopher and soldier. The educational ideas that he illuminated based on the humannature which he thought deeply, based on the understanding of the human psychology,based on the analysis of the human personality. The content of this educational ideasystem come out by his theoretic understanding of concrete ultimacy, come out by histheoretic understanding of learning's phases. This ladder configuration of understandingmake person from the imaging world move up to the Highest Value (the Goodne ss) to betrue. The purposes of education that he prescribe are diplex: blending the nationalism an dindividualism, causing up growth of the personal body and progress of moral and intellect,bringi ng up the personal attainment, body and mind's ability, attitude and temperament,dominator an d assistant of skill and knowledge, which needed by carring out the citizen'sresponsibility.

There are six parts in this article. In the first part, it mainly discusses the content ofPlato’s educati onal ideas, and also the modern reasons of the discussion. In the secondpart, it briefly discusses t he educational ideas before that of Plato. And the third partconcerns the inevitable relationship b etween education and the ideal construction of nation.In the forth part, through the definition of educational concepts and essence, it emphasizesthe highest value which uses dialectics as mediu m to the change of soul, and we also callit the idea of Good. In the fifth part, through the discussi ons of educational managementand content, it demonstrates the systematic, the integrality, and t he feasibility ofeducational plans. And at last, the sixth part discusses the features of Plato’s educ ationalidea, then concludes the whole article and assesses the modern significance of Plato’seduc ational idea.

Key words: Plato the educational idea the ideal country the idea of Good

the change of soul

1 引言