高中定语从句基础讲解PPT课件

关系代词 指代的先 行词
who
人
whom
人
which
物
that 人或物
whose 人或物
充当从句的成分
主语、宾语 宾语
主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语
定语
① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾 语时，可省略。 The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
②whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省 略。
The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾 语。作宾语时，可省略。
These are the trees which were planted last year.
⑤whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。 不可省略。
This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.
We live in a house whose windows face south.
2. 关系代词的用法注意点 (1) that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况 只能用that 不能用which。 ①当先行词中有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none 等时。如：
This is all that I want from the school.
③当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等 修饰时。如：
This is the very book that I am looking for these days. ④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：
This recorder （which） he is using is
made in Japan.
④that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾 语。作宾语时，可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man (that) I told you about.
当介词提前的定语从句中，只用which, 不用 that
This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.
3. As 与which 在引导定语从句时的区别
(1)As 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which 则不能
(2)As we all know, more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
4.The school where I study is far from my home.
in the school = where 关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
关系代词的实质 Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
Who that can climb up to the top of the hill first will get the red flag. 当先行词在主句中作表语，在从句中也作表语时
Our village isn’t the small quiet place that it used to be.
先行词
关系副词
先行词和关系词的关系
1.A plane is a machine that can fly.
the machine = that
2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
the boy =who 关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose
The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.
⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
先行词为特殊疑问词who, which时
A plane is a machine the machine can fly. that /which
The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.
Who/that
The lady
we saw her yesterday is Green
关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词
一. 定语从句的基本定义
放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词 引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.
先行词
关系代词
Hospital is a place where a doctor works.
(2) As 表示正如，正像， 而which 则没有此 意。
此时，as 从句中常有know, expect, happen, point out, plan, suggest
二. 关系词的分类
1. 关系代词
2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语 和定语，常用的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose
2. 关系副词 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副 词有：when, where, why
三. 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1. 关系代词的基本用法