英语词汇学课件 Unit 5

Four kinds of motivation Onomatopoeic motivation • Primary onomatopoeia Cuckoo, coucou, Kuckuck • Secondary onomatopoeia hiss, buzz, bleat, neigh, squeak, croak, quack, crow Bump, dump, thump
Lexical semantics Sememe （语素）:composed of semantic features or semes E.g. Morpheme –s sememe: “more than one”
5.1.1 Significance/sense of word
Concept: (sensation/perception/representation) Which is beyond language, is the result of human recognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on whereas meaning belongs to language. Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical
morphological motivation • derivatives • Compounds Loss of motivation hot dog Semantic motivation a coat of paint the mouth of a river Etymological motivation xerox, laconic (Lacons)
Semantic field: a group of lexemes that are defined with respect to one another, e.g. kinship, color, etc. Lexical gap: a point within a system of sense relations at which a word might be expected but none exists. Perfect & partial synonyms False friends: Words in different languages that resemble each other in form, but express dissimilar meanings. Misnomer: name something in a wrong way.
Sense VS reference E.g. • Dog is a kind of animal. • This dog is very cute. (cow) Sign Something that conveys meaning, such as an object, token, mark, image, movement, gesture, sound, event, or pattern. Representational, symbolic or arbitrary
Folk/popular etymology
plantar wart （足疣）：a wart on the sole of the foot (from Latin planta) → planter’s wart
5.2 Semantic features
Semantic components: an element of a word’s meaning. e.g. girl→ ‘young’, ‘female’, ‘human’ Semantic features e.g. girl: [+human, -male, -adult] boy: [+human, +male, -adult] Distinctive features e.g. [±male] (binary feature)
5.1.2 Motivation
Relation between the word-form and the meaning Arbitrariness Conventionality Motivation: A word is motivated if its whole meaning can be ascertained from the sum of the meanings of its individual elements. opaque words & transparent words
sense: Sense denotes the relationship inside the language. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language.
UNIT 5 WORD MEANING
Contents
1ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
词的意义
2
词的理据性
3
词汇意义的组成
Discussion
Two basic aspects of a word Form Meaning What is the meaning of word meaning?
5.1 Word meaning
5.3 Analysis of word meaning
5.3.1 Grammatical meaning
5.3.2 lexical meaning
E.g.
Tables, men, oxen, potatoes Forget, forgets, forgot, forgotten
conceptual/referential meaning associative meaning • connotative meaning • stylistic meaning • affective meaning • collocative meaning
课后作业
预习教材第五单元。 思考：为什么教材在介绍完一词多义和同形异 义后接着介绍语境，歧义和含混？
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