英语写作常用逻辑衔接词起承转合
写作常用逻辑衔接词
一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”，“承”、“转”、“合”。
1. 表示“起”的词/组：用于开篇引出扩展
at present 现在，当今presently现在，此刻
currently 目前，最近
recently 最近
lately 最近
in general 一般来说
generally speaking 一般来说
on the whole 总起来说
it is said that ┅据说
it goes without saying ┅不用说as a proverb goes, ┅俗话说得好at first 最初
firstly 第一
at the very beginning起初
first of all 首先
in the first place 首先，第一
to begin with 首先，第一
to start with 首先，第一
for one thing ┅(for another) 首先┅(其次) on the one hand ┅(on the other hand ) 一方面┅(另一方面)
2. 有关“承”的常用语：用来承接上文。
after/ after that/ afterwards 此后after a few days/ years 几天/几年以后after a while 过了一会
later后来
soon 不久
then 然后
from now on 从此
at the same time 同时
by this time 此时
meanwhile 同时
secondly 第二
thirdly 第三
for another 其次
besides 此外
furthermore 而且；此外
moreover 而且，此外
what’s more而且；此外in addition 此外
in addition to ┅除┅之外
in the same manner/ way 同样的similarly 同样地
in other words换句话说consequently 因此；结果
so 所以
for this purpose 为了这个目的for example 例如
for instance 例如
such as 正如
particularly 特别地
in particular 特别(地)
indeed 的确
there is no doubt that…无疑地obviously 明显地
of course当然
3. 有关“转”常用的词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。
after all 毕竟
all the same 虽然，但是conversely 相反地however然而；无论如何but 但是
whereas┅然而┅
yet 然而；但是in contrast 对比之下on the contrary 相反地even though即使though/ although尽管despite 尽管┅虽然┅in spite of 尽管┅虽然nonetheless 尽管如此
nevertheless不过；虽然如此anyway 无论如何
in fact 事实上
as a matter of fact 事实上especially┅特别地
in particular 特别地fortunately 幸运地┅
in other words 换句话说in the same way 同样地unlike 不像┅；和┅不同luckily 幸运地unfortunately 不幸地
on the other hand 另一方面otherwise否则
perhaps 或许
4. 有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。above all 最重要
accordingly 于是
as a consequence 因此
as a result 结果
as has been stated 如前所述
as above mentioned 如上所述
as I have said 如我所述
at last 最后
at length 最后；终于
by doing so 一般来说
briefly 简单扼要地
by doing so 如此
consequently 因此
eventually 最后
finally 最后
hence 因此
in brief 简言之
in conclusion 总之；最后
in short 简言之
in a word 总之
in sum 总之，简言之
in summary 简要地说
on the whole 总起来说；整个看来
therefore 因此
thus 因此
to speak frankly 坦白地说
to sum up 总而言之
to summarize 简言之
surely 无疑
to conclude总而言之
truly 的确
so 所以
obviously 显然
certainly 肯定；无疑
all in all 总之
二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下十四类
1.表示因果关系
as a result 结果
eg. He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.
as a result of 因为，由于
eg. He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.
accordingly 于是
eg. He wanted to buy a radio for studying English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.
because（of）因为，由于
eg. We are delayed because of a traffic jam.
due to 因为，由于
eg. His success is due to his excellent work.
eg. Owing to his absence, our meeting was not held.
thanks to 多亏了
eg. Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.
now that 既然
eg. Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.
so long as 只要…就…
eg. You could accomplish your dream so long as you try it again and again..
since 既然
eg. Since you are here now, you’d better give a hand.
on account of 因为，由于
eg. We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
in that 因为
eg. The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.
so that 所以
eg. The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him. consequently 因此
eg. It rained so heavily, consequently, we cancelled the plan of climbing the mountain.
hence 因此
eg. It is 12 p.m. now, hence you must take a sleep.
therefore 因此
eg. There is a calculating mistake here; therefore, the answer is wrong.
2.表示解释关系
as a matter of fact 事实上
eg. I will go there this afternoon, as a matter of fact, I intended to go this morning but I couldn’t find the time.
as well 也
eg. I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.
frankly speaking 坦白来说
eg. Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfied with your words.
in this case 既然这样
eg. In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.
3.表示推理关系
or else 否则
eg. Hurry up, or else you’ll be late.
otherwise 否则
eg. You must carry this passport; otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.
if so 如果那样的话
eg. If so, it will make a great difference.
so that implies 那表明
eg. He is in panic now, so that implies he is lying.
to put it more precisely 更精确地说
eg. He is rather strong, to put it more precisely, he is a little sturdy.
under no circumstances 在任何情况下都不，绝不
eg. Under no circumstances will I go there.
4.表示递进关系
additionally 此外
eg. I like playing cards; additionally, playing chess is also my favorite.
in addition 此外
eg. I need your help. In addition, I also need her support.
besides 此外
eg. First, we must work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind.
and moreover 而且，此外
eg. The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your skin.
that is to say 就是说
eg. The stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.
furthermore 而且，此外
eg. She is kind, and furthermore, she’s beautiful.
in other words 换句话说
eg. I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in this canteen.
equally important 同样重要的是
eg. You should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.
what’s more 而且，此外
eg. It is harmful to my health, and what’s more, it is no good to my work.
last but not the least 最后
eg. Last but not least, my thanks should go to every member of my class.
5．表示比较关系
equally 同样地
eg. As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.
in comparison with 和…相比
eg. In comparison with the red one, I would like to choose the blue cap.
in the same way 同样地
eg. It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.
in contrast to 和…相反
eg. In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with you.
instead 代替，顶替
eg. If you don’t go, I’ll go instead.
on the contrary 相反
eg. You think I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.
in contrast 对比之下
eg. It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast it’s very cold at night.
while 但是
eg. We are happy in China, while most Africans live unhappily.
6.表示选择关系
alternatively 作为选择，二者选一地
eg. You may take the exam. Alternatively you take another one next year.
either…or 或者…或者…
eg. Either you or I will go there.
rather than 而不是
eg. In this matter, the parents should be blamed rather than the children.
instead of 而不是
eg. You should be reading books instead of lying there in bed.
not …but 不是…而是
eg. She is not an English teacher, but a German student.
whether…or not 是否
eg. I wonder whether you will come or not this afternoon.
neither…nor 既不…也不
eg. Neither you nor I will go there. He will come this afternoon.
7.表示转折关系
although 尽管
eg. Although he is old, he still works every day.
despite尽管，不管
eg. I will visit him despite the heavy snow.
at the same time 同时，但是
eg. The little kid brings troubles, but at the same time you can’t help liking him.
even though 即使
eg. Even though she is late, she walks slowly.
however 可是
eg. I planned to go there; however, the incident suddenly interrupts my normal work.
in spite of 不管
eg. In spite of the boy’s honesty, the teacher is still very angry.
instead 改为
eg. It is too hot to go shopping, let’s watch TV at home instead.
nevertheless 尽管这样
eg. Nevertheless, I would try to make a remedy.
regardless 不管，不顾
eg. Regardless of age, sex, race and economic level, all men are equal. notwithstanding 虽然，尽管
eg. I have determined, notwithstanding your disapproval.
on the contrary 正相反
eg. I used to think that the result will be good. On the contrary, it turns out to be bad. still 尽管如此
eg. It’s raining cats and dogs outside. Still, I will visit him.
though 虽然，尽管
eg. I will visit him, though it is raining there.
otherwise 否则
eg. We must hurry, otherwise we cannot catch the bus.
while 虽然，但是
eg. Sadness is beautiful while loneliness is tragic.
yet 然而，但是
eg. He is sentimental sometimes, yet I still like him.
8.表示总结关系
all in all 总而言之
eg. All in all, we must cope with it well
briefly 简而言之
eg. Briefly, I agree with you on the matter.
in conclusion 最后，总之
eg. In conclusion, the first opinion is much more reasonable than the latter idea.
in summary 简要地说
eg. In summary, we cannot fully believe what we heard from others.
to sum up 总而言之
eg. To sum up, teaching student is not an easy task to perform.
on the whole 总体来说，整个来看
eg. On the whole, the book is extremely valuable.
in all 总而言之
eg. In all, it’s great to be a father.
in short 简而言之
eg. In short, actions speak louder than words.
in brief 简言之
eg. In brief, to help others is to help yourself.
in a word 总之
eg. In a word, we will win while they will lose.
in terms 明确地，毫不含糊地
eg. In practical terms, I believe it will work.
in sum 总之，简而言之
eg. In sum, it is great to be a teacher.
to summarize 简而言之
eg. To summarize, spare the rod, spoil the children,
to conclude 总而言之
eg. To conclude, it is true that we should pay more attention to this problem.
9.表示次序关系
above all 最重要，首先
eg. Above all, remember to call me when you arrive.
afterwards 然后，后来
eg. We played the whole day and afterwards walked home together in the evening. eventually 最后，终于
eg. Eventually, he rose to the position of vice president.
firstly/first of all 首先，第一
eg. Firstly/ first of all, I’ll mention the history.
secondly 第二
eg. Secondly, I will mention the present.
furthermore 此外，而且
eg. Furthermore, it is not good enough in this respect.
finally 最后
eg. Finally, I agree with you on this matter.
last but not least 最后
eg. Last but not least, my personal effort also plays a small role in the accomplishment of the task.
to conclude 总而言之
eg. To conclude, life is not a battle if you want to be a normal man.
lastly 最后
eg. Lastly, I must say it will be remembered by people around the world.
in the end 最后
eg. In the end, they parted each other at the cross road.
10.表示强调关系
above all 最重要，首先
eg. Above all, the good policy makes us dare to be rich.
of course 当然
eg. Of course you will fall behind if you don’t study harder.
indeed 确实
eg. I am indeed very glad to see you are well and sound.
most important 最重要
eg. Most important, it is a book for sale first.
with great emphasis on 特别强调
eg. He delivered a speech with great emphasis on the solar energy.
11.表示过渡关系
as regards 关于，至于
eg. As regards your school report, I don’t quite agree.