网络计划法的名词解释

网络计划法的名词解释
英文回答：
Network Planning Techniques are mathematical models and algorithms that help project managers plan and manage complex projects. These techniques allow project managers to visualize the project as a network of activities, identify critical paths, and optimize the use of resources.
Activity: A discrete task or work package that must be completed as part of a project. Activities are typically represented by nodes or boxes in a network diagram.
Critical Path: The longest path through a project network that determines the overall project duration. Any delay in an activity on the critical path will delay the completion of the entire project.
Dependency: A relationship between two activities that determines the order in which they must be completed. For
example, activity B cannot start until activity A is finished.
Duration: The estimated time required to complete an activity. Durations are typically expressed in days, weeks, or months.
Float: The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without affecting the overall project duration. Float is calculated by subtracting the activity's earliest start time from its latest start time.
Lag: A delay between two dependent activities. Lags are often used to account for setup time or other dependencies that cannot be represented in the network diagram.
Lead: A negative lag that indicates that one activity must start before its predecessor is finished.
Milestone: A significant event or accomplishment in a project. Milestones are typically represented by diamonds or triangles in a network diagram.
Predecessor: An activity that must be completed before another activity can start.
Resource: A limited asset that is required to complete an activity. Resources can include personnel, equipment,
and materials.
Slack: The amount of time that an activity can be delayed without affecting the completion of subsequent activities. Slack is calculated by subtracting the
activity's earliest finish time from its latest finish time.
Successor: An activity that cannot start until another activity is finished.
Task: A specific activity that is required to complete
a project. Tasks are typically represented by nodes or
boxes in a network diagram.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): A hierarchical decomposition of a project into smaller, more manageable
tasks. The WBS helps project managers identify all the activities required to complete the project.
中文回答：
网络计划法是一种数学模型和算法，可帮助项目经理规划和管
理复杂项目。

这些技术允许项目经理将项目可视化为活动网络，识
别关键路径并优化资源的使用。

活动，必须在项目中完成的离散任务或工作包。

活动通常在网
络图中用节点或框表示。

关键路径，通过项目网络的最长路径，决定整体项目持续时间。

关键路径上的任何活动延迟都会延迟整个项目的完成。

依赖性，两种活动之间的关系，决定了它们必须完成的顺序。

例如，活动 B 直到活动 A 完成后才能开始。

持续时间，完成一项活动所需的时间估计。

持续时间通常以天、周或月表示。

浮动时间，一项活动可以延误而不影响整个项目持续时间的时
间量。

浮动时间是通过将活动的开始时间最早减去其开始时间最晚
计算得到的。

滞后，两个相关活动之间的时间延迟。

滞后通常用于表示网络
图中无法表示的设置时间或其他依赖性。

超前，表示一项活动必须在其前项任务完成之前开始的负滞后。

里程碑，项目中的重大事件或成就。

里程碑通常在网络图中以
菱形或三角形表示。

前置任务，另一项活动在开始之前必须完成的活动。

资源，完成一项活动所需的有限资产。

资源包括人员、设备和
材料。

宽限时间，一项活动可以在不影响后续活动完成的情况下延迟
的时间量。

宽限时间是通过将活动的完成时间最早减去其完成时间
最晚计算得到的。

后继任务，一项活动在另一项活动完成之前无法开始的活动。

任务，完成项目所需的具体活动。

任务通常在网络图中用节点或框表示。

工作分解结构 (WBS)，将项目分层分解为更小、更易于管理的任务。

WBS 帮助项目经理确定完成项目所需的所有活动。