介词+关系代词(定从)

① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时
②先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much等修 饰时。
I’ve read all the books that you lend me.
③everything, something, nothing, all, anything, little, much等不定代词作先行词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true.
1.The day∧ which I was to start arrived at last. on 2.I have known the reason∧which she is so for worried. which we live is very large. 3.The house in where 4. This is the word that you should pay attention. to which 5. I have a book, whose the cover is very of which beautiful. 6.He has two sons,both of them are doctors. whom
⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时
I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
介词+关系代词 介词+关系代词与when、where或why转换
关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词
关系副词 when where why
。
• 1:This is the house in which / where he used to live.
• 2:The days __________ we used foreign oil are gone forever.
• 先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，在定语从句中充当原因 状语，用why，这时一般可以用for ＋which来代替:
waiting for the teacher
3)根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 . Air, without ________ which man can’t live, is really important.
with The pen _____which he is writing now was bought yesterday.
非限制性定语从句
• 非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，在句子中不充 当成分，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句往 往用逗号隔开
• 1:My gardener，_______ is very pessimistic，says that there will be no apples this year. • 2:These apple trees，_____ I planted three years ago， have not borne any fruit. • 3:He was late again,_____made the teacher very unhappy. • 4:Peter, ____ you met in London, is now back in Paris. • 5:The boy, _____ father is an engineer, studies very hard. • 6:The play，____ style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period.
先行词
关系代词
关系词 定语从句
关系副词 where, when，why
只代人who, whom,
只代物which,
人和物whose, that
• 1：She is the girl_______lives next door • 2:The work______has just been finished is very important. • 3:This is the book_____I want to read. • 4:That is the girl______I teach. • 5: This is the house_____window broke last week • 6:4:This is the only film_____that intresting me.
2)根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭 配来决定。
to/with/about whomour head teacher is talking ? 1. Do you know the girl_____________________ talking to/with /about the girl 2. I can’t find my dictionary _________________I paid over $100 . for which pay… for the dictionary 3. This is the good car____ ______I spent all my money. on which spend money on the car to whom his students show respect . 4. She is the teacher _________all show respect to the teache 5. The teacher_____ ________you have been waiting is coming in a minute. for whom
如何选用介词？
•考虑三个因素: “一先,二动,三意义”
4).看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配
with which I am He referred me to some reference books _____ not very familiar.
“介词+关系代词”定语从句考点 恰当的简单介词+关系代词 whom 1:She is a girl with _________you can share your sorrow and happiness. for 2.The book,_____which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.
介词+关系代词 引导的定语从句
• 定语从句概念：
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰限制作用的从 句,有时也可以修饰一个句子。定语从句一般放在被修饰成 分之后 • 先行词： 被修饰或限制的名词或代词 • 关系词： 引导定语从句的词
Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.
④ 先行词源自文库the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
⑤ 主句已有who或which时
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.
如何选用介词？
1)根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。
1.I never forget the days during which I studied hard. 2.I never forget the day on which I went to college. 3.I never forget the year in which I went to college.
• 1.首先分清主句和定语从句 • 2.确定定语从句的先行词 • 3.把先行词带回到定语从句中去，看其在定语 从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语 或状语） • 4.若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定语则选 择关系代词，若在从句中做状语，则选择关 系副词。
Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.
when= on which
3:I don’t know the reason why/ for which he did it.
The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成 介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。 【例】The man to whom you talk just now is a famous runner. 【例】The service about which the students complain a lot should be improved. 【例】He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books. 【例】It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago. 【例】The chair on which he is sitting now is made of wood.
先行词 时间 地点 reason
在从句中的成分 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
• 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语
• 关系副词在定语从句中作状语
(1)when指时间，在从句中作 。 when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) (2) where指地点，在从句中作 。 where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配) (3) why的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作 why=for which (4)先行词指物时，whose= the + n. of which
作业练习--定从