宾语从句课件

•Don’t tell anyone, will you? 你可不要告诉任何人哟。
•I don’t know anyone at this party. 这晚会上我一个人也不认识。
•I don’t want to waste anyone’s time. 我不想浪费任何人的时间。
比较下面的正误句： 谁也不知道将来会发生什么事。
宾语从句 the object clause
宾语从句命题趋势（中考）
• 引导宾语从句的连词和代词的选择 • 宾语从句的语序 • 宾语从句的时态
问题一: 什么是宾语?
宾语表示及物动词的动作对象和介词所联系 的对象,常由名词或相当与名词的词担任,置 于及物动词或介词后。
•I love you. •I am fond of reading books in the sun. •He bought me a pen. •How is he getting along with his English teacher? •We keep it a secret. •I will arrange my holiday as follows.
• 在主从复合句中，当主句的主语是第一 人称时，谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose等时，要将从句 的否定词转移到主句中，例如I don`t think he will come with you.
• I don`t believe you are right.
若谓语动词为hope， 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移
He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle [‘ærisstɔatild] so. 他并不因 亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻 信此事。(否定because状语)
She had not been married many weeks when that man’s younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. 她结婚还不到几个月， 这个人的弟弟就看见她了， 并对她的美貌着了迷。 (否定状语many weeks)
•I hope it doesn’t rain. 我希望不要下雨。 •I hope you don’t mind my saying it. 我希望你别介意我说这些话。
I don’t remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
宾语从句的三要素：
•连接词 •陈述句语序 •时态呼应
引导词
• 关系代词： what,which,who,whose,whom
• 关系副词：when时间,where地 点,why原因,how方式
• If/whether从属连词 • that从属连词
宾语从句的连接词
• 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导
宾语从句的简化的 六种方法
方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide，wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与 主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简 化为不定式结构。
•Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
• He asked me whose book this is.
• The doctor asked me what was wrong.
时态呼应
• 主句与从句时态一致 • 若主句是现在的某种状态（一般现在时，
现在进行时，现在完成时，）那么宾语 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 • I remember he gave me a book yesterday. • He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow.
If/whethe 是否，不做句子成 He asked me if
It’s not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里， 人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌 生的人。(anyone 作主语，从 句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
按英语习惯，anyone只能出现在 否定词之后，不能出现在否定词之前。
• 若主句是过去的某种时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时，）那么从句一定要用过去 的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）
• He told me that he would take part in the high jump.
• He asked me if I had taken his soap.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
注：当主句谓语动词是 tell， ask， show， teach 等动词，且后带双宾语， 从句主语和间接宾语一 致时，宾语从句可简化 为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
•Could you tell me how I can get to the station？
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句， 可以用介词加动名词（短语） 等其他形式简化。
•He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.
•It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
除上述方法外， 还有一些特殊句式的转化。
I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.
Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.
They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy.
• When did he leave forJapan ?could you tell me?
• =could you tell me when he left for Japan?
语序
• 宾语从句无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句， 从句一律要用陈述语序，即主语，谓语 的顺序
• Do you know wwk.baidu.comat Kate`s e-mail address is?
•The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the Time and the place of his birth.
方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句 可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式 （作宾语补足语）”结构。
→Could you tell me how to get to the station？
方法三：当主句的谓语动词是 order（命令），require（需要） 等时，如果主句和从句的主语 不一致，宾语从句可简化为 “名词（代词）+不定式”结构。
•The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
•Anyone doesn’t know what will happen in the future. •No one knows what will happen in the future.
有时状语或状语从句中 否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 如： The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。(否定状语)
Eg. He asked me if I hadn’t finished my work.
• Are you from Japan?he asked me.
• He asked me if/whether I`m from Japan.
• 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用 原来的疑问词，但从句一定要注意用陈述 语序。
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句， 也可以用不定式（短语）来简化， 但句型需要进行适当的变化。
• She was a good girl,the teacher told us.
• =The teacher told us that she was a good girl.
• 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，构成宾语从句用 whether/if(是否）连接，句尾的标点符号取决 于主句。（在引导否定概念的宾语从句时只能 用if )
接作用，可省略 was good at swimming.
What,whi 在从句中做一定的 I don`t know what
ch,who,w 成分，如主语，宾 they are going to
hose,who 语，定语等
do.
m
When,wh 在从句中作状语 ere,why,h ow
Could you tell me where you are from?
I don’t remember that I have Ever seen such a man.
I don’t remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人
宾语从句的连接词：
类别
关联词
特
点
１. 从属连词 that,
只起连接作用，不充当从
注意
• 若宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时， 即使主句是过去式，从句也用一般现在 是。
• He told me that the earth goes round the sun.(真理）
• He said that YaoMing is much taller than him.（事实）
否定转移
whether/if 句成分。
２.连接代词 who, whom, 起连接作用外，还在从句
what，
中充当主语或宾语或定语
which,
whose
３.连接副词 when,
起连接作用外，还在从句
where, how，中充当状语。
why
引导词 引导词的作用
例句
That
本身无意义，起连 He said(that)kate
问题二: 什么是宾语从句?
在复合句中作宾语的从句就 叫作宾语从句，放在及物动 词,介词后面。
作及物动词的宾语
• I think (that) your clothes fit well.
• He couldn’t tell me where his home was.
作介词的宾语
He talked of how he helped the old man. •He always pays attention to whatever the teacher says.
•We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.
方法二：当主句谓语动词是 know， learn，remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句 主语与从句主语一致时， 宾语从句可简化为 “疑问词+不定式”结构。
•She has forgotten how she can open the window.