商务与经济统计ppt第2章A
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
A frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency scale can be used for the other axis (usually the vertical axis).
Using a bar of fixed width drawn above each class label, we extend the height appropriately.
Statistics for Business and Economics
Anderson Sweeney Williams
Slides by
John Loucks
St. Edward’s University
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
A relative frequency distribution is a tabular summary of a set of data showing the relative frequency for each class.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The objective is to provide insights about the data that cannot be quickly obtained by looking only at the original data.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 1
Chapter 2, Part A Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Presentations
Summarizing Categorical Data Summarizing Quantitative Data
Categorical data use labels or names to identify categories of like items.
Above Average Above Average Below Average Poor Above Average Average
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Below Average Above Average Above Average Average Above Average Average Above Average
Average Above Average Below Average Poor Excellent Above Average Average
Slide 4
Frequency Distribution
Example: Marada Inn Guests staying at Marada Inn were asked to rate the
quality of their accommodations as being excellent, above average, average, below average, or poor. The ratings provided by a sample of 20 guests are:
Slide 5
Frequency Distribution
Example: Marada Inn
Rating
Frequency
ge
3
Average
5
Above Average
9
Excellent
1
Total 20
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 12
Slide 6
Relative Frequency Distribution
The relative frequency of a class is the fraction or proportion of the total number of data items belonging to the class.
Excellent
.05
Total 1.00
Percent Frequency
10 15 25 .10(100) = 10 45 5 100
1/20 = .05
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Quantitative data are numerical values that indicate how much or how many.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 11
Pareto Diagram
In quality control, bar charts are used to identify the most important causes of problems.
When the bars are arranged in descending order of height from left to right (with the most frequently occurring cause appearing first) the bar chart is called a Pareto diagram.
The bars are separated to emphasize the fact that each class is a separate category.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 2
Summarizing Categorical Data
Frequency Distribution Relative Frequency Distribution Percent Frequency Distribution Bar Chart Pie Chart
Slide 7
Percent Frequency Distribution
The percent frequency of a class is the relative frequency multiplied by 100.
A percent frequency distribution is a tabular summary of a set of data showing the percent frequency for each class.
Slide 8
Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distributions
Example: Marada Inn
Relative
Rating
Frequency
Poor
.10
Below Average
.15
Average
.25
Above Average .45
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 10
Bar Chart
Frequency
10
Marada Inn Quality Ratings
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Rating
Poor Below Average Above Excellent
Average
Average
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
This diagram is named for its founder, Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 3
Frequency Distribution
A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the frequency (or number) of items in each of several non-overlapping classes.
Slide 9
Bar Chart
A bar chart is a graphical device for depicting qualitative data.
On one axis (usually the horizontal axis), we specify the labels that are used for each of the classes.
Using a bar of fixed width drawn above each class label, we extend the height appropriately.
Statistics for Business and Economics
Anderson Sweeney Williams
Slides by
John Loucks
St. Edward’s University
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
A relative frequency distribution is a tabular summary of a set of data showing the relative frequency for each class.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
The objective is to provide insights about the data that cannot be quickly obtained by looking only at the original data.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 1
Chapter 2, Part A Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Presentations
Summarizing Categorical Data Summarizing Quantitative Data
Categorical data use labels or names to identify categories of like items.
Above Average Above Average Below Average Poor Above Average Average
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Below Average Above Average Above Average Average Above Average Average Above Average
Average Above Average Below Average Poor Excellent Above Average Average
Slide 4
Frequency Distribution
Example: Marada Inn Guests staying at Marada Inn were asked to rate the
quality of their accommodations as being excellent, above average, average, below average, or poor. The ratings provided by a sample of 20 guests are:
Slide 5
Frequency Distribution
Example: Marada Inn
Rating
Frequency
ge
3
Average
5
Above Average
9
Excellent
1
Total 20
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 12
Slide 6
Relative Frequency Distribution
The relative frequency of a class is the fraction or proportion of the total number of data items belonging to the class.
Excellent
.05
Total 1.00
Percent Frequency
10 15 25 .10(100) = 10 45 5 100
1/20 = .05
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Quantitative data are numerical values that indicate how much or how many.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 11
Pareto Diagram
In quality control, bar charts are used to identify the most important causes of problems.
When the bars are arranged in descending order of height from left to right (with the most frequently occurring cause appearing first) the bar chart is called a Pareto diagram.
The bars are separated to emphasize the fact that each class is a separate category.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 2
Summarizing Categorical Data
Frequency Distribution Relative Frequency Distribution Percent Frequency Distribution Bar Chart Pie Chart
Slide 7
Percent Frequency Distribution
The percent frequency of a class is the relative frequency multiplied by 100.
A percent frequency distribution is a tabular summary of a set of data showing the percent frequency for each class.
Slide 8
Relative Frequency and Percent Frequency Distributions
Example: Marada Inn
Relative
Rating
Frequency
Poor
.10
Below Average
.15
Average
.25
Above Average .45
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 10
Bar Chart
Frequency
10
Marada Inn Quality Ratings
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Rating
Poor Below Average Above Excellent
Average
Average
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
This diagram is named for its founder, Vilfredo Pareto, an Italian economist.
© 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Slide 3
Frequency Distribution
A frequency distribution is a tabular summary of data showing the frequency (or number) of items in each of several non-overlapping classes.
Slide 9
Bar Chart
A bar chart is a graphical device for depicting qualitative data.
On one axis (usually the horizontal axis), we specify the labels that are used for each of the classes.