If虚拟条件句

If虚拟条件句

分三种时态：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。

*条件句有真实条件句和非真实（虚拟）条件句两种。真实条件句的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句的假想与事实相反或不大可能会发生，试比较：

If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。（陈述语气）

If I had time, I woudl go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。（虚拟语气）

这是对现在事实的虚拟，事实是我没有时间，所以我没有和他们去

If条件句虚拟

If引导的从

时态类型主句

句

例句

1. If I were yo

would/s

动词过去式u, I should stud

hould/c

did y English.

与现在事实相反ould/mi

*be 多用we 2. I would certa

ght+ V

原

re inly go if I had

time.

1. If you had ta

ken my advice, y

would/s ou would not hav

hould/c e failed in the

动词过去完

test.

ould/mi

与过去事实相反成式

2. If I had left

ght + h

had done

ave don a little earlie

e r, I would have

caught the trai

n.

1.If you came to

①动词过去morrow, we would

would/s

式have the meetin

hould/c

g. ①

②should +V

与将来事实相反ould/mi

原 2. If it were to

ght + V

③were + to 原rain tomorrow,

do the meeting woul

d b

e put off.③

*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）

注：几点特别说明

1、l would/should/could/might 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性， could 表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：

If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。（would表结果）

If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。（might表可能）

If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。（could表能力）

2、错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）常考两个句型：If it weren't for…和If it hadn't been for…，其意为“若不是（有）” “要不是”。如：

If it weren't for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If it hadn't been for your assistance ，we wouldn't have succeeded.

=But for your assistance ，we wouldn't have succeeded.

=Without your assistance ，we wouldn't have succeeded.

4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：

Were I in school again （= If I were in school again）, I would work harder.

Had you asked me, I would have told you. （=If you had asked me,…）

编辑本段第二类

Wish/if only/would rather愿望和as if(though)好像从句分时态

l Wish从句就好了

动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反

主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去式+动词原形—与将来事实相反

I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)

I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)

I wish they would let us get some sleep.

* wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，

宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

(1) We hope they will come. (We don't know if they can come.)

(2) We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.) l if only 后的句子用虚拟语气要是……就好了 if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

l would rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为：

① 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I'd rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

② 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。

l as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气

以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例：

He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。 He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。注：两点说明

(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：

It looks as if we'll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。