初中宾语从句ppt

化 现在完成时
一般将来时
间接引语 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时
The teacher said,“The sun is bigger than the earth.” The teacher said that the sun is bigger than the earth.
（他是否跟我们一起去公园）
2. Ask him _w__h_et_h_e_r_(i_f)_h_e__ca_n__co_m__e__. （他是否能来） 3. I don’t know __w_h_e_th_e_r_it_i_s_g_o_in_g_t_o_r_a_in__o_r_n_o_t __.（是否
The Object Clause 宾语从句
什么是宾语？
1.He usually plays basketball after school. 2.I don’t know what to do next. 3.She wanted to go to collage. 4.We think( that)Mr Wang will teach us English. 5.They asked me if I had finished my homework. 6.Do you know where they played football yesterday?
（谁的书法是班上最好的）
4. Please tell me _w_h__e_n_w__e_’_ll_h__a_v_e_a__m__e_et_i_n_g_. 我们什么时候开会） 5. Can you tell me _w__h_e_r_e_h__e_i_s____. （他在哪儿） 6. Could you tell me _h_o_w__I__c_a_n_g__et__to__t_h_e_s_t_a_t_io__n_?
Direct Speech aΒιβλιοθήκη Baidud Indirect Speech
引语的概念
直接引述别人的原话，叫 _直__接__引__语_____;
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _间__接__引__语__。 直接引语通常都用__引__号__“____”__括起来， 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _宾__语__从__句_。
随 主
称变间引后与主 She said,“ I like 句主语的人称保 Tennis.”
持一致
二 随 宾
引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保
He said to Lily, “ you must get
up early.”
持一致
第三 人称 不变
引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变
She said to me , “ They want to
（我该怎么去车站）
7. Would you tell mew_h_y__t_h_e_t_r_a_i_n_i_s_l_a_t_e_?（为什么火车迟到了）
由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句
e.g. 1. I want to know _i_f_(w__h_et_h_e_r)_h_e__w_il_l _g_o_to__th_e_p_a_r_k_w__it_h_u_s__.
1. He asked who could answer the question. (谁能回答这个问题） 2. Do you know_w__h_o_m__t_h_e_y__a_r_e_w__a_i_ti_n_g__fo__r?（他们在等谁） 3. He asked _w_h_o_se_h_a_n_d_w_r_i_ti_n_g_w_a_s_t_h_e _b_es_t_i_n_th_e__cl_a_ss_.
e.g He said ( that ) he would go to Xi’an . He said ( that ) he was ill yesterday . He said ( that ) he was reading a book . He said ( that ) he had had supper already .
3、主.从句的时态呼应
• 1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。 • 2.主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。 • 3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真
理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。 • e.g: He says that he is reading a book now. • He said that he would work hard. • They said they had been to France.
Indirect Speech
She said that she liked singing. She said that she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before. She said she had never met an American.
help him.”
She said that she liked tennis.
He told Lily that she must get up early.
She told me that they wanted to help him.
2
时 态
直接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时
变 一般过去时
Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?
5、宾语从句的否定形式 ：
一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的 否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是 think 、 expect 、 believe 、 guess 、 imagine 、 suppose 等 表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句 中的否定式转移到主句中。 e.g I don’t think it’s going to rain .
I hear ( that ) she will come tomorrow .
I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago .
I hear ( that ) he is interested in English .
2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去 的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。
请注意观察红色字体的语序
e.g : Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked him where he came from .
Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .
3. The teacher told us (that) __th_e__e_a_r_th__m__o_v_es__(g_o_e_s_)_a_r_o_u_n_d__t_h_e_s_u_n_____. （地球围着太阳转）
由连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what及连接副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句
3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理 时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。
e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that light travels faster than sound. The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .
4、宾语从句的标点符号 标点符号 ：
宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句 的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号； 而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。
e.g
He asked me if / whether I could help him . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Please tell me which colour you like best .
She said that she would see me the next week.
SUMMARY
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时
用连词that（可省略）引导宾语从
句.从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、 时间状语、地点状语 等相应变化.
１、人称的变化 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新
一 引号内的第一人
I don’t believe she will lend you the money .
但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是 hope ，则不 适用于此规则。
e.g I hope he won’t come .
6、宾语从句与直接引语变间 接引语的关系。
直接引语变为间接引语之后通常都构成一个 宾语从句。因此我们要掌握好宾语从句的用 法必须也要熟悉直接引语变间接引语的规则。
Direct Speech
She said, “I like singing. ” She said, “I am waiting for a bus.” She said, “I visited Europe last year.” She said, “I have never met an American.” She said, “I will see you next week.”
一、宾语从句的概念
在复合句中，充当主句的宾语 的从句就叫作宾语从句
二、宾语从句三要素
引导词（连接词） 语序 时态
1.引导词：取决于从句的语气
1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that. 2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或
whether. 3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊
疑问词。
e.g: I'm afraid that you are right. I want to know if it will rain tomorrow. I didn't hear what he wanted me to do . Do you know whose bag I am carrying? He asked me if I taught English.
• The students asked me if the earth goes around the sun.
时态：
具体的时态的变化 1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制
，我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时 态。
e.g I hear ( that ) Tom has been to Guilin twice .
要下雨）
1、当句末为or not时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if. 2、在不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if. 例如： I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
2.语序：宾语从句的语序要用陈述句的语序
1).Miss Li wants to know where my uncle will stay next week. 2).Do you know if he will join us? 3).He wants to know what time it is.
注: 直引若是客观真理,变为间引时,时态不变.
指示代词
时 间 状 语
直接引语
注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，
在口语当中往往省略
e.g.
1. I hear (that) __h_e__w_i_ll_b_e__b_a_c_k_i_n_a_n__h_o_u_r_____. （一小时后他会回来）
2. He said (that) __h_e_m__is_s_e_d_u_s__v_e_r_y_m__u_c_h_____. （他非常想念我们）