水体微囊藻毒素污染对人群的非致癌健康风险

中国环境科学 2013,33(1)：181~185 China Environmental Science 水体微囊藻毒素污染对人群的非致癌健康风险

杨晓红1,蒲朝文2,张仁平2,赵清1,许川1,李砚1,封雷2,舒为群1* (1.第三军医大学军事预防医学院环境卫生学教研室,重庆 400038；2.重庆市涪陵区疾病预防与控制中心,重庆 408000)

摘要：利用重庆某区2个水库的水样及水产品中微囊藻毒素的浓度,使用美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评估模型计算微囊藻毒素通过饮水途径和食用水产品途径的人群非致癌健康年风险度以及两条途径的总非致癌健康年风险度.结果表明饮用水库A水的非致癌健康年风险度为0.001×10-6~0.004×10-6 a-1,饮用水库B水的非致癌健康年风险度为0.002×10-6~0.046×10-6 a-1;食用水库A水产品的非致癌健康年风险度为0.083×10-6~0.262×10-6 a-1,食用水库B水产品的非致癌健康年风险度为0.116×10-6~0.747×10-6 a-1,白鲢是水库A与水库B非致癌健康年风险度最高的水产品.水库A两条暴露途径的总非致癌健康年风险度的最大值为0.266×10-6 a-1;水库B两条暴露途径的总非致癌健康年风险度的最大值是0.793×10-6a-1.水产品的非致癌健康年风险度高于饮水;水库B两条暴露途径的的总非致癌健康年风险度接近国际上最常用的最大可接受风险水平1.0×10-6 a-1.应优先加强水库B中微囊藻毒素的监测,同时限制食用水库A和水库B的水产品,特别是白鲢. 关键词：微囊藻毒素；非致癌健康风险评估；人群

中图分类号：X503.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-6923(2013)01-0181-05

Assessment on non-carcinogenic health risk of microcytins in the water environment of Chongqing. YANG Xiao-hong1, PU Chao-wen2, ZHANG Ren-ping2, ZHAO Qing1, XU Chuan1, LI Yan1, FENG Lei2, SHU Wei-qun1* (1.Department of Environmental Hygiene, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China；2.The Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Fuling Borough, Chongqing 408000, China). China Environmental Science, 2013,33(1)：181~185

Abstract：To assess the non-carcinogenic risk on microcytins for human health in two reservoirs,Chongqing,we adopted the method of USEPA to assess the annual risk of human exposed to microcytins by drinking contaminated water and consuming aquatic products in reservoir A and reservoir B.The results showed the annual non-carcinogenic risk by drinking water of reservoir A rangs from 0.001×10-6 to 0.004×10-6a-1,while reservoir B rangs from 0.002×10-6 to 0.046×10-6a-1. By consuming aquatic products, the non-carcinogenic risk of reservoir A rangs from 0.083×10-6 to 0.262×10-6 a-1,and reservoir B rangs from 0.116×10-6 to 0.747×10-6 a-1.The maximal total annual non-carcinogenic risk by drinking contaminated water and consuming aquatic products of reservoir A is 0.266×10-6a-1,while the reservoir B is 0.793×10-6 a-1.The annual non-carcinogenic risk by consuming aquatic products is higher than drinking water, and silver carp has the highest risk on human health;The total annual non-carcinogenic risk of reservoir B is approaching to the maximum acceptable risk level of 1.0×10-6a-1.More attentions should be paid to monitor microcystins of reservoir B preferentially,and avoid to consume the aquatic products of contaminated reservoirs, especially silver carp.

Key words：microcystins；health non-carcinogenic risk assessment；human

水体富营养化特别是蓝藻的异常繁殖生长已成为全球面临的重大环境污染问题之一,蓝藻中铜绿微囊藻等藻类产生的一类环状七肽化合物——微囊藻毒素(MCs)具有肝毒性、肾毒性、神经毒性、免疫毒性及生殖毒性,也是确认的肝癌促进剂.MC-LR是MCs异构体中毒性最强的一种,也是我国富营养化水体中毒性较大的常见亚型[1].健康风险评估是以风险度作为评估指标,把环境污染与人群健康联系起来,定量描述污染物对人体产生的健康危害[2].健康风险评估包括4个步骤:危害鉴定、暴露评估、剂量-反应关系和风险度表征.由于MCs稳定的化学性质,常规水处理和家庭煮沸不能降低其毒性,而人群可以

收稿日期：2012-05-07

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(81230064,81072362,30800900) * 责任作者, 教授, xm0630@