新托福写作真经4test15-综合写作解析

新托福写作真经4test15-综合写作解析前程百利小编将在这篇文章和大家一起分享新托福写作真经4test15的综合写作部分。希望大家能够按照以下的备考思路，更好地攻克托福写作题目。

第一部分：阅读文本解析

The mystery of whether humans are alone in the universe may have been answered by a 1.9-kilogram meteorite discovered in Antarctica in 1984. After careful analysis, scientists from NASA announced that the meteorite, which they say came from Mars, once contained organic matter that was extraterrestrial in origin.

While the meteorite was found in 1984, it was not until 2009 that NASA scientists claimed that it possessed strong evidence that life existed on Mars billions of years in the past. The reason for the delay is that recent advances in electron microscopy made it possible for scientists to see various features on the meteorite that had previously been overlooked. What they found with a high-powered electron microscope was evidence of extremely tiny fossils of bacteria-like organisms on the meteorite. This was a clear indicator that Mars once held life at least on the microscopic level.

Scientists believe the meteorite formed on Mars around 3.6 to 4 billion years ago. Then, Mars was much warmer and wetter than it is today. Water likely entered fractures in the rock. Then, living organisms soon followed and made their homes inside these fissures. Scientists defend their theory by citing the carbonate minerals found in the rock. These minerals, they speculate, could only have been formed by living organisms.

Further proof of the existence of life is that the meteorite contains magnetite. Studies have determined that roughly one quarter of the magnetite in the meteorite is in the guise of small crystals. These crystals are chemically pure and structurally perfect, and they have unique three-dimensional shapes that could only have been formed by living organisms, not by organic matter. Taken altogether, these scientists are convinced they have proof that life exists—or at least existed—elsewhere in the universe.

阅读要点：

观点：The meteorite, which they say came from Mars, once contained organic matter that was extraterrestrial in origin.

根据从火星掉落的陨石表明，火星上有生物存在。

论点1：Tiny fossils of bacteria-like organisms are on the meteorite. This was a clear indicator that Mars once held life at least on the microscopic level.

有像是细菌一样的微笑生物化石存在陨石中，这表明火星上至少存在着可以用显微镜观察到的微生物。

论点2：Scientists defend their theory by citing the carbonate minerals found in the rock. These minerals, they speculate, could only have been formed by living organisms.

科学家在岩石中发现了碳酸矿石，而这些矿石只有在活着的有机物中才能形成。

论点3：(最后一段)因为陨石中包括磁铁矿，而陨石中四份之一的磁铁矿是小晶体的状态下存在。这些晶体非常的纯净，完美，并且是立体的。所以，只有在活的生物中才能形成。

第二部分：听力文本解析

M Professor: I’m sure you’ve all seen the news that scientists have found proof that life once existed on Mars. I’m sorry, but I’ve read countless articles like this before. I’m simply not satisfied with what the NASA scientists have offered as proof of their discovery.

For instance, they claim to have used an electron microscope set at a high power of magnification to discover evid ence of, uh, nanobactieria. Now, keep in mind that electron microscope technology isn’t perfect. The microscopes are easily contaminated during the preparation process. The bacteria could have come from the microscope itself. The photographic process is imperfect, too. At resolutions that high, the images created often aren’t realistic. So what we're seeing may not be evidence of bacteria at all.

But let's assume there actually is some kind of fossilized bacteria in that rock. And let's also assume the rock is Martian in origin. It's still highly likely that it became contaminated with bacteria after it reached Earth, not before it got here. It’s estimated that the meteorite landed on Earth 11,000 years ago. That's plenty of time for bacteria to have moved inside it. I contend that the bacteria in the meteorite are probably of terrestrial, uh, that is, Earth, origin.

Finally, an article I read cited the presence of magnetite in the rock as proof that it contained extraterrestrial organisms. Again, I need to mention electron microscopes. The magnetite found in the rock was extremely tiny. Microscopic even. The scientists said that the magnetite had perfect shapes, but they determined this by manipulating the pictures they took. The evidence is flimsy. We ca n’t trust the images the microscope produced. Until our technology further improves, we cannot be certain whether or not the magnetite is evidence that there really once was life on Mars.

观点：I’m simply not satisfied with what the NASA scientists have off ered as proof of their discovery.

听力部分作者对美国国家航空和宇宙航行局提出的发现表示不满。

论点1：The microscopes are easily contaminated during the preparation process. The bacteria could have come from the microscope itself.电子显微镜下观察到的细菌也可能是来自于显微镜。

论点2：I contend that the bacteria in the meteorite are probably of terrestrial, uh, that is, Earth, origin.

陨石里面的细菌很有可能是来自于地球本身，经过长时间，才跑到陨石里面。

论点3：They determined this by manipulating the pictures they took. The evidence is flimsy. We can’t trust the images the microscope produced.虽然在岩石中发现很小的磁铁矿，但是，这些照片很可能是他们后期修改，所以，并不可靠。

第三部分：范文解析

①The lecturer argues that it is unlikely that living organisms once existed on Mars and provides three reasons for his assertion. ②This directly contradicts the reading passage’s claim that a meteorite discovered on Earth proves that life once existed there.

③To begin with, the professor contends that there were errors in using an electron microscope. Even though electron microscopy has developed a lot over the years, the technology is not perfect and is susceptible to contamination; this fact leads to the possible conclusion that the supposedly Martian bacteria in fact originated in the microscopes. Furthermore, the pictures taken were sufficiently unclear that it is hard to say that what the scientists saw were bacteria. ④This refutes the reading passage’s claim that by looking at the meteorite through an electron microscope, scientists found fossils of bacteria-like organisms.

⑤Secondly, the lecturer emphasizes that it is doubtful that the bacteria are from Mars since there is a possibility that they are from Earth. Even though the meteorite is from Mars, bacteria could have gotten into it. ⑥This argument casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that carbonate minerals, which could only be formed by living organisms, were spotted in the rock.

Finally, the size of magnetite found in the rock is too small to verify the images. In addition, scientists modified the pictures taken by microscopes that are still under development, making the image less reliable.

⑦This firmly rebuts the reading passage’s claim that the features found in the magnetite crystals could have come only with living organisms.

文中闪光词汇：

meteorite['mit??ra?t]n.陨星;流星

microscopy[ma?'krɑsk?pi]n.显微镜检查;显微镜使用;显微镜学

carbonate['kɑrb?n?t]n.碳酸盐

范文中可以提取出来作为模板的句子：

①The lecturer argues that……

②This directly contradicts the reading passage’s claim that……

③To begin with, the professor contends that……

④This refutes the reading passage’s claim that……

⑤Secondly, th e lecturer emphasizes that……

⑥This argument casts doubt on the reading passage’s claim that……

⑦This firmly rebuts the reading passage’s claim that……

以上就是前程百利小编和大家分享的托福写作真经的综合写作的题目，我们主要按照阅读要点和听力要点分析。听力笔记的学习以及托福综合写作范文万能语句的积累为目的，更好的备考托福综合写作。