基于单片机的汽车空调控制系统的设计与实现
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摘
要
随着国内汽车行业的高速发展，汽车空调越来越受到汽车制造商的重视。现在国 产汽车的汽车空调控制器普遍采用手动机械控制方式，大大落后于国际水平，限制了 汽车工业的发展。 本文着重讨论了在工艺上和理论上如何更准确、更灵敏、更快速、更及时和更经 济地获取所需采集的信号，以及被控变量的可测和可控性。文中阐明了传感器的类型 和使用方法，单片机的介绍和应用，步进电机的选用，显示屏的选择和使用等。并且 对各部分联系及组成的单片机最小系统的具体编程及应用。 本实验台的控制为以单片 机为核心的开发板连接扩展电路带动步进电机，受限于控制实时性、可靠性及通信带 宽，本论文提出了采用分布式控制系统的方案，先把各个部分拿出来研究设计，最后 在组合到一起。 极大的降低了设计最初的难度， 方便了演示成品， 争强了控制实时性。 基于虚拟仪器的试验设备为设计及检测提供了高水平的试验手段， 可提高汽车空 调开发质量，自动控制，系统升级等。
关键词：汽车空调；温度；自动控制；单片机；步进电机
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the domestic automotive industry, automobile air conditioning more and more attention to vehicle manufacturers. Domestic cars are now commonly used in automobile air conditioning controller, manual mechanical control, far behind international standards, limiting the development of the automotive industry. This article focused on how the process and in theory more accurate and more sensitive, faster, more timely and more economical to obtain the required signal acquisition, and the controlled variables can be measured and controllable. The paper illustrates the type and use of sensors, the introduction and application of microcontroller, stepper motor selection, the selection and use of the display. And on the part of contact and minimum system consisting of specific programmed microcontroller and application. Control of the bench as a microcontroller as the core of the development board stepper motor driven expansion of the circuit, subject to control in real time, reliability, and communication bandwidth, we propose a distributed control system using the program, first take the various parts out study design, in the end together. Greatly reduces the difficulty of the initial design to facilitate the presentation finished, gaining the upper hand to control the real-time. Test equipment based on virtual instrument design and testing to provide a high level of test instruments, can be developed to improve the quality of automotive air conditioning, automatic control system upgrade.
Key words:Automotive Air Conditioning ； Temperature ； Automatic Control ； Microcontroller；Stepping Motor.
目
录
摘要......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract................................................................................................................................. II 第 1 章 绪论........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 引言............................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究项目开展的意义................................................................................................1 1.3 汽车空调的系统工作原理........................................................................................2 1.4 汽车车厢的热力学分析............................................................................................3 1.5 汽车空调的自动控制系统难点................................................................................4 1.6 课题的提出与研究内容............................................................................................4 1.6.1 课题的研究内容.............................................................................................4 1.6.2 拟解决的主要问题.........................................................................................5
要
随着国内汽车行业的高速发展，汽车空调越来越受到汽车制造商的重视。现在国 产汽车的汽车空调控制器普遍采用手动机械控制方式，大大落后于国际水平，限制了 汽车工业的发展。 本文着重讨论了在工艺上和理论上如何更准确、更灵敏、更快速、更及时和更经 济地获取所需采集的信号，以及被控变量的可测和可控性。文中阐明了传感器的类型 和使用方法，单片机的介绍和应用，步进电机的选用，显示屏的选择和使用等。并且 对各部分联系及组成的单片机最小系统的具体编程及应用。 本实验台的控制为以单片 机为核心的开发板连接扩展电路带动步进电机，受限于控制实时性、可靠性及通信带 宽，本论文提出了采用分布式控制系统的方案，先把各个部分拿出来研究设计，最后 在组合到一起。 极大的降低了设计最初的难度， 方便了演示成品， 争强了控制实时性。 基于虚拟仪器的试验设备为设计及检测提供了高水平的试验手段， 可提高汽车空 调开发质量，自动控制，系统升级等。
关键词：汽车空调；温度；自动控制；单片机；步进电机
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of the domestic automotive industry, automobile air conditioning more and more attention to vehicle manufacturers. Domestic cars are now commonly used in automobile air conditioning controller, manual mechanical control, far behind international standards, limiting the development of the automotive industry. This article focused on how the process and in theory more accurate and more sensitive, faster, more timely and more economical to obtain the required signal acquisition, and the controlled variables can be measured and controllable. The paper illustrates the type and use of sensors, the introduction and application of microcontroller, stepper motor selection, the selection and use of the display. And on the part of contact and minimum system consisting of specific programmed microcontroller and application. Control of the bench as a microcontroller as the core of the development board stepper motor driven expansion of the circuit, subject to control in real time, reliability, and communication bandwidth, we propose a distributed control system using the program, first take the various parts out study design, in the end together. Greatly reduces the difficulty of the initial design to facilitate the presentation finished, gaining the upper hand to control the real-time. Test equipment based on virtual instrument design and testing to provide a high level of test instruments, can be developed to improve the quality of automotive air conditioning, automatic control system upgrade.
Key words:Automotive Air Conditioning ； Temperature ； Automatic Control ； Microcontroller；Stepping Motor.
目
录
摘要......................................................................................................................................... I Abstract................................................................................................................................. II 第 1 章 绪论........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 引言............................................................................................................................1 1.2 研究项目开展的意义................................................................................................1 1.3 汽车空调的系统工作原理........................................................................................2 1.4 汽车车厢的热力学分析............................................................................................3 1.5 汽车空调的自动控制系统难点................................................................................4 1.6 课题的提出与研究内容............................................................................................4 1.6.1 课题的研究内容.............................................................................................4 1.6.2 拟解决的主要问题.........................................................................................5