犯罪未遂的条件分析

犯罪未遂的条件分析

Conditions attempted crime analysis

摘要：犯罪未遂的条件分析是刑法学界研究的一个重点，国内外对犯罪未遂三个构成要件的阐述存在着很多不同的观点。本文从三个大的方面对犯罪未遂的概念特征、性质、存在范围、分类和三大构成要件进行了阐述：一、犯罪未遂的概念、性质和存在范围。总体来看，犯罪未遂流行着两种观点：法国派和德国派。根据我国刑法规定，“已经着手实行犯罪，由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因而未得逞的，是犯罪未遂。”二、犯罪未遂的分类。从我国的刑法理论来看，犯罪未遂主要分为两种，实行终了的未遂和未实行终了的未遂，能犯未遂与不能犯未遂。笔者将从实行终了的标准、对社会的威胁性、如何体现、如何量刑等方面来具体分析，并论述了关于能犯未遂与不能犯未遂的一些概念与看法。三、犯罪未遂的特征及三个构成要件。笔者认为犯罪未遂的特征有以下三点：一、已经着手实行犯罪，需注意主客观相统一。二、犯罪未得逞，如何判断未得逞的标准。三、关于犯罪未得逞是由于犯罪分子意志以外的原因，我国的学界的观点和定义标准。在六、七、八章，笔者详细地分析了犯罪未遂的三大构成要件，即犯罪未遂的条件。

关键词：犯罪未遂；着手实行；犯罪未得逞：犯罪分子意志以外的原因

Abstract: Conditions attempted crime analysis is a research focus of criminal law, domestic and international criminal attempt to expound the three constituent elements there are many different points of view. From the three major aspects of the concept feature attempted crime, the nature, scope exists, classification and three constituent elements are described: First, the concept of attempted crime, the nature and scope exists. Overall, the crime of attempted popular with two views: the French and German school. According to China's criminal law, "has already begun to crime, because of the criminals will succeed without outside is attempted crime."Second, the attempted crime classification. From the point of view of the theory of criminal law, criminal attempt is divided into two, and attempted to implement ended ended attempted failure to implement, can

not be guilty of attempted and attempted to commit. I will carry out the end of the standard, the threat to the community, how to reflect, how sentencing, etc. to a detailed analysis and discussion about energy and not guilty of attempted attempted to commit some of the concepts and views. Third, the characteristics and three attempted crime Elements. I believe that the crime of attempted the following three characteristics: First, the crime has already begun, the need to pay attention to subjective and objective unity. Second, the crime did not succeed, how to determine the criteria did not succeed. Third, on the crime did not succeed due to reasons other than the will of criminals, China's academic perspectives and define standards. In six, seven, eight chapters, the author attempts a detailed analysis of the three constituent elements of crime, namely the attempted crime conditions.

Keywords: Criminal attempt; set out; crime did not succeed; Reasons other than the will of criminals

一、犯罪未遂的概念

关于什么是犯罪未遂，从国外的立法例和理论解释看来，主要存在德国和法国两大派别的主张。

（一）德国模式的犯罪未遂学校教育英语中学教学

犯罪未遂，指的是已经开始实施犯罪却没有达到既遂的情况。这一概念第一次出现在1871年的德国刑法典，有人称这种为德国派。德意志民主共和国（1968）、联邦德国（1975）、瑞士（1971修订）、意大利（2006年修订）、朝鲜（1950）、日本（1907）、墨西哥、挪威、智利等所用的刑法典均属于这种立法例。它主要指的是广义的犯罪未遂，认为行为人已经着手实现构成要件，却没有发生行为人所预期的结果叫做犯罪未遂。

（二）法国模式的犯罪未遂学校教育英语中学教学

犯罪未遂,即指已经着手实行犯罪，因为犯罪分子意志以外的原因或者障碍而没有达到犯罪既遂的情形。这种概念首次出现在1810年的法国刑法典，因此，有些人称这种是法国派。除此之外，还有荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙、比利时、俄罗