语法填空之纯空格解题技巧

语法填空之纯空格解题技巧
Teaching Aims:
1．Find out some rules of rational cloze.
2．Summarize some skills to deal with rational cloze.
3．Do some consolidation exercises.
Teaching Methods: 小组合作、自主探究
Teaching Procedure :
Task1:Find out some rules of rational cloze according to the the Rational Cloze of NMET 2014.
归纳总结：
语法填空的命题原则：
1 体裁多以记叙文为主，题材或体现人文内涵，或给人心灵以启迪。

2 首句：不设空(设空\不设空)
3 考查2 种形式：
1) 给词空(4个) : 考查_动词，形容词，副词，名词
2) 纯空格(6个) : 考查限定词、介词、代词和连接词等四类词；
Task2：Learn some skills to deal with rational cloze by doing exercises.
1.(2012 ) “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked. …… Then he took _______off，gave a big smile and said，“That’s cool.”( them )
2.(2011) Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ____ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed. ( they )
3. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax ______. (myself) 技巧1:
若句子缺主语或宾语，应填代词(主格/宾格) ；若所缺宾语与主语是同一人，所缺宾语有时可能填反身代词(himself/herself/itself/themselves/…) 。

1 (2011）I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had amazing conversation.an
2 (2010）A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. _____ water was sweet.The
3 (2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help ___ rice crop grow up quickly.his
4 (2010）After the student left, the teacher let _______ student taste the water.another
技巧2：
若空格后面的中心词为名词，且该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词（a/an表泛指; the表特指）注意：根据上下文意义的承接，经常可能填形容词性物主代词（my/its/his/her/our/your/their）或some, any, other, another 等不定代词。

1 (2012)The new boy looked at the teacher a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.for
2 (2011)I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him ___ his own either.on
3 (2010)The young man went home _____ a happy heart.with
技巧3：
若空格后是名词、代词、动名词或what从句，且他们不是作主语或作动词的宾语时，很可能就是填介词。

1. (2011) My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me the bus arrived.until
2. (2009) Jane paused in front of a counter _______ some attractive ties were on display.where
3.(2012) The new boy looked at the teacher ……and all the other students wondered ________ the boy would do. what
4. He thought he was right; _______ , I can’t agree with him.however
技巧4:若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子) 之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，则根据逻辑关系填_从属连词, 并列连词或其它连接词。

切记要确定是哪种从句，广东高考语法填空常考的有状语从句和定语从句，其次是名词性从句。

若两个或以上的单词或短语之间没有连词，则可能是填连接词。

注意：有时根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系，填写表转承关系的副词，如：however, besides, therefore…
1 … as __took them just three minutes to steal paintin gs by two world-famous artists…it
2 I find __ hard to communicate with her.it
3 And it is what he does ___ matters rather than what he says. that
4 Some of these writers are doctors,_____ are lawyers or educators.others
5 This made the goat so jealous ___ it began plotting against the donkey. that
语法填空中有时会有特殊句型出现。

如：
1)第一题为it作形式主语，第二题为it作形式宾语。

2)第三题为强调句, 即It is/was … that或it is/was… that…
3)此外，语法填空中还可能出现以下句式。

如：
Some… others
so /such… that … …
not… but
Task3: Practice
Do an exercise and see if you can do it correctly according to the skills we have learned today.
(2014.广州一模) While thousands of college students headed for warm climates to enjoy sun and fun during their week off from classes, seven local students had other plans.
The Northern Essex Community College ( NECC) students and one of their teachers spent part of their spring break in New York City, helping repair an area 16.__________ ( destroy ) by the hurricane.
“ I wanted to see for myself what happened,” said Terry. “ I couldn’t imagine 17. _______ it is like to lose your home and everything that you know and the 18. _________ ( power ) effect the hurricane had on those people. I wanted to do something, to understand their feeling of helplessness.” The group headed into Brooklyn’s Red Hook district, which was hit hard by the hurricane. There they met people from other parts of the country, 19. ________ had also volunteered to help. Together, those volunteers and the NECC students 20. ________ ( work ) to clear rubbish out of a three-story building. They put on protective suits and gloves 21. ________ they entered the building.
Inside the building, the students saw nothing but broken walls and doors and pieces of the building 22. _______ ( lie ) all over the place.
The students returned to school with 23. _______ sense of achievement, a feeling that 24. ________ helped people in need. It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest impression 25. ________ the students.
( destroyed what powerful who worked before lying a they on )
语法填空给词空解题技巧
高考语法填空给词空的解题技巧是什么？请以小组形式完成以下每组题，并总结做题的思路或方法。

一、括号中给出动词的空格
*技巧1:
1). (2010) After a four-day journey, the young man presented (present) the water to the old man.
2). (2009) Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smok ing,” Jane was informed (inform).
3). That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, closed (close) my book and walked away.
4). He walked in as if he had bought (buy) the school, and the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.
归纳总结：技巧1：首先找出句子主干，确定主语，如果句子缺少谓语动词，括号中的动词就是谓语动词；或者虽有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时(存在并列连词and, or, but, so 等)，所给动词也是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要根据时间状语或语境确定时态，根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定语态，根据主语人称、数来确定谓语动词的单复数，有时需要根据语境用虚拟语气。

练习1:
1). (2009) …people stepped on your feet or pushed (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.
2). Up till now, he has gained (gain) much working experience by taking some part-time jobs.
3). However, at that time, only men were permitted (permit) to vote.
4). Actually, if Van Gogh had died (die) at the age of twenty, no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness.
*技巧2:
1). Speaking (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
2). To complete (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
3). (10) He spit it out, saying (say) it was awful.
4). The teacher went into the lab, followed (follow) by the students.
5). (2011) I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man sitting (sit) at the front.
归纳总结：技巧2：若句子已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。

若是非谓语动词，就要确定用doing形式、done形式，还是用to do形式。

如作主语，通常用doing (表习惯或一般情况)；作目的状语，用to do；作伴随状语或定语或宾补，要根据与逻辑主语/宾语的关系，如果是主动关系，就用doing；如果是被动关系就用done (后边常有标志性介词by)；有时也要根据句式搭配来确定。

(多积累)
练习2:
1). Walking (walk) is a good way to keep healthy.
2). He had to work over time to support (support) his family.
3).The books, Harry Potter, written (write) by J.K. Rowling, are popular throughout the world.
4). They started out early one morning for the big city, and spent several tiring hours buying (buy) the things they wanted in the big shops.
5). With a lot of difficult problems settled (settle), the newly-elected president felt much more relaxed.
注意:
1). However, there are still some disadvantages in online shopping. First, a face-to-face deal makes online shopping less reliable (rely) and trustworthy.
2). He also made positive suggestions (suggest) for dealing with the potential problems.
括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词性转换。

二、词性转换题的解题技巧
当空格所需词性与括号中所给词的词性不同时，根据该词在句中所作句子成分确定用哪种形式后，把该词词性进行转换。

*技巧3：1). When China’s ancient scientific and technological achievements (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.
2). In a dangerous (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…
3). Teachers must try their best to make most of their students interested (interest) in the subject.
4). (2010) His teacher took a deep drink, smiled warmly (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.
归纳总结：技巧3：(1)作主语或宾语或在形容词性物主代词/所有格后或在“(冠词)+形容词”后用名词形式(若Cn., 注意该词的单复数)；(2) 作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，作状语用副词形式。

练习3：
1) These people have made great contributions (contribute) to China with their work.
2) You can save a lot of money by comparing prices on various/varied (vary) products before deciding to buy.
3). We can predict the climate accurately (accurate).
4). Luckily (lucky), the pilots watched out carefully and prevented the spaceship from crashing in time.
三、形容词或副词的比较等级
*技巧4:
1) She patted him on the head and said, “My little fellow, do you feel more comfortable (comfortable) now than before?”
2) (10) “…The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be sweeter (sweet).”
3) One of the worst (bad) gift choices I have ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms. Chen.
归纳总结：技巧4：括号中所给词为adj.和adv.时，且空格需要的仍是该词义的adj.和adv.时(常有标志性词than, even, 否定词, the 等)，则很可能填该adj.或adv.的比较级或最高级。

练习4：
1) The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even harder (hard) and finally made himself out.
1) Honestly speaking, if he had called me one hour earlier (early), I would have scolded him severely, but now, after the long and anxious waiting, I was only too glad that he was safe.
2) Guangzhou is the third largest (large) city in China.
四、词义转换题的解题技巧
*技巧5：
1) (2010惠州三模)Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes impossible (possible), to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we pay attention to the formation of habits...
2) He failed his maths examination because of his careless (care) work.
归纳总结：技巧5：如果根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系需要对提示词进行词义转换，则常为该词加上否定前缀in-,im-,un-等或否定后缀-less等。

练习5：Christmas cards, which cost only a few dollars each, are a(n) inexpensive (expensive) way to keep the holiday spirit alive.
篇章练习：One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country. He wanted to show his son how the poor lived so he could be thankful for his wealth.
They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of what 1.was considered (consider) a poor family.On their return the father asked his son 2.to explained (explain) what he had learnt. The boy, who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home, 3.replied (reply) in a way that shocked his father. The boy said he wanted to become a farmer. He envied the farmers who had the 4.beautiful (beauty) night stars to give them light while his family had only expensive lanterns. He wished to have a farm where he could go swimming in an 5.endless (end) river instead of the garden pool in their home. Finally he asked his father, “What makes us 6.safer (safe), large walls around our house or friends that will protect us?”
The boy finished by saying, “Before the trip I thought we were ri ch but today I learnt who is 7.truly (true) rich.” With this the boy got up and walked away, 8.leaving (leave) his father sitting on their comfortable sofa, totally speechless.。