英语的《英语句子成分和基本结构》.ppt

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(名词)
2 We often speak English . (代词)
3 Eight is my lucky number. (数词)
4 To teach them English is my job.=It's my job to teach them English.
(不定式)
5 Swimming is good for our health. (动 名词)
表语(predicative)
表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样, 它一般位于系动词(如be, become, turn ,look, sound, seem等)之后。
1 I am a teacher. (名词) 2 I am ten. (数词) 3 He became rich and successful. (形
英语句子成分及基本结构
(一)句子成分的定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子 成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分有主语和谓语;
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足 语和同位语。
(二)句子的具体成分
• 主语(subject):主语是一个句子所叙述的 主体,一般位于句首。
1 The room is very clean.
谓语(predicate)
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。 动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的 构成如下:
• 1、简单谓Fra Baidu bibliotek:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He can speak English.
容词) 4 Everyone is here. (副词) 5 They are at home now. ( 介词短语)
6 My job is to teach them English. (不定式)
宾语(object)
宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及 物动词后 面。 1 He is playing the piano.(名词) 2 He often helps me.(代词) 3 He likes to watch TV.
独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句 子独立成分 感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。 肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语:mum, dad。 插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。 如: The story, I think, has never come to the end 情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状 语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,actually实际上,certainly当 然,等。
3 The boy with glasses is my brother. (介 词短语)
4 I have something to say.( 不定式)
状语(adverbial)
• 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说 明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语 。可由以下形式表示:
1 Tom runs quickly.(副词) 2 Tom did it carefully.(副词) 3 Tom is very tall. (程度副词) 4 I get up at six every day. 5 I play soccer very well.
4 He likes watching TV.
宾语补足语
英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整 的意思,还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+ 宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。复合宾语表达 对的意思相当于一个句子的意思。
1 We called him Dongming.(名词) 2 We saw him playing soccer.(现在 分词)
简单句、并列句和复合句
(一)句子种类两种分类法 1、按句子的用途可分四种: 1)陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before. 2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she? 3)祈使句:Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class 4)感叹句:How clever the boy is!
3 We saw him play soccer. (不定式) 4 We found math difficult.(形容词)
5 Mom makes me studying all day. (现在分词)
定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语为定语。定语 可由以下等成分表示:
1 She is a beautiful city.(形容词) 2 My beef noodles is here. ( 代词)(名 词)
同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代 词或名词短语对前者加以说明的成分,近 乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. We all are students. Carol , an American teacher, will come to our school.
状语种类如下
1 We arrived at Shanghai at six yesterday.(地 点状语)(时间状语) 2 She didn’t go to the party because of the rain.(原因状语) 3 Mr Smith lives in America.(地点状语) 4 In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语) 5 He was so tired that he fell asleep quickly. (结果状语)
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