教育统计学课件1

3. Describing data a) Frequency distribution i. Introduction ii. Frequency distribution tables iii. Frequency distribution graphs 1. Bar graphs and histograms 2. Polygons b) Measure of central tendency i. Mode ii. Median iii. Mean iv. Central tendency and the shape of distribution c) Measure of variability i. Range ii. Variance iii. Standard deviation iv. Standard d) Locating scores and finding scales in a distribution i. Percentiles, quartiles, and deciles ii. Standard scores iii. Z-score and normal distribution iv. T scores e) Probability i. Introduction ii. Probability and normal distribution iii. Probability and samples iv. Hypothesis testing v. Parametric vs. nonparametric procedures

Statistics and Linguistic Studies
Area Phonology Semantics Measure frequency; Waveforms, etc. Software SPSS, WAVE, Cool Edit Pro SPSS; Statistica; Statgraphics SPSS; Statistica; Statgraphics
Theoretical
Qualitative Descriptive
Quantitative Experimental
Psycholinguistics
Statistical Software
Excel SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Statistica NCSS
Manual: Design and Statistics for Applied Linguistics.
New York: Newbury House Publishers. Hinton, P. 2004. Statistics Explained. London: Routledge. Muijs, D. 2004. Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. London: Sage Publications.
Statistics for Linguistics Students
Syllabus
1. Introduction a) Overview of research methodology b) Statistics and linguistiБайду номын сангаас studies 2. Describing Variables a) Function of variables i. Dependent variable ii. Independent variable iii. Control variable iv. Intervening variable b) Measurement scales i. Nominal variable ii. Ordinal variable iii. Interval and ratio variable iv. Discrete and continuous variable v. Frequency data and score data c) Populations and samples d) Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics
SPSS; Statistica; Statgraphics SPSS; Longman; Compaid; CLAWS
Corpus-linguistics
2. Describing Variables
Variable
• A variable can be defined as an attribute of a person, a piece of text, or an object which ‘varies’ from person to person, text to text, object to object, or from time to time. • In a research project, we may wish to look at levels within a variable. For example, we might want to know how well ESL foreign students are able to do some task. The variable is ESL student. That variable may be divided into levels for the purposes of the study. If the study were designed to compare the performance of ESL students who are foreign students with those who are immigrant students, the variable would have two levels. If the study concerned geographic area, a student might be subclassified as South American, European, Middle Eastern, or Asian so that comparisons among these levels of ESL student could be made. The variable would consist of four levels. Or, for the purposes of the study, we might want to divide the variable ESL student into proficiency levels such as advanced, intermediate, and beginner. The variable would then have three levels.

1. Introduction
Overview of research methodology
Research Methedology
Theoretical Anthropological Sociolinguistics Ethnographic Computational Applied
Assessment

10% class attendance and discussion 20% Seven Assignments 70% final exam
Course Books



Woods, A., Fletcher, P., and Hughes, A. 1986. Statistics in Language Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Beijing: FLTRP] 李绍山，2001，《语言研究中的统计 学》，西安：西安交通大学出版社。 Butler, C. 1985. Statistics in Linguistics. New York: Basil Blackwell.
Multidimensional Scaling; cluster analysis; graphics Sociolinguistics, descriptive statistics; Pragmatics sampling; Chi-square; t-test; ANOVA; correlation
Statistics and Linguistic Studies
Experimental psycholinguistics & 2nd language acquisition research Textual linguistics descriptive statistics; sampling; Chi-square; t-test; ANOVA; correlation; multivariate analysis; graphics sampling, frequency, lognormal distribution; Chi- square; probability concept; graphics frequency, lognormal distribution; Poisson distribution; Chi- square; probability concept; graphics SPSS; Statistica; Statgraphics
4. Comparing groups a) Comparing two groups i. between group designs 1. t-test 2. Nonparametric comparisons ii. Repeated-measures 1. matched t-test 2. Nonparametric comparisons b) Comparing three or more groups i. Between groups 1. One-way ANOVA 2. Nonparametric comparisons ii. Repeated-measures 1. One-way ANOVA 2. Nonparametric comparisons iii. Two-factor ANOVA 1. Factorial designs 2. Calculating ANOVA for a 2 × 2 design 3. Assumptions underlying Factorial ANOVA
5. Describing relationships a) Correlation i. Pearson correlation ii. Correlations with non-continuous variables 1. Point Biserial Correlation 2. Spearman Rank-order correlation 3. phi correlation b) Regression i. Linear regression ii. Relation between ANOVA and regression c) Chi-square procedures i. Test for Goodness of Fit ii. Test for independence iii. Assumptions underlying Chi-square d) Factor analysis i. Principle component analysis and factor analysis ii. Interpreting components or factors
References


Brown, J. D. 1988. Understanding Research in Second Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brown, J. D. 2002. Doing Second Language Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hatch, E. and Lazaraton, A. 1991. The Research