精馏塔温度控制设计过程控制毕业设计

摘要

精馏是在石油、化工等生产过程中广泛运用的一种传质过程。通过精馏过程，使混合物料中的各组分分离，分别达到规定的纯度。分离的机理是利用混合物中各组分的挥发度不同进行分离。一般的精馏装置有精馏塔、再沸器、冷凝冷却器、回流罐及回流泵等设备组成。精馏塔是进行精馏的一种塔式汽液接触装置，又称为蒸馏塔。精馏塔是一个多输入多输出的多变量的过程，内在机理较复杂，动态响应迟缓，变量之间互有影响，所以控制复杂。精馏塔的控制目标是：在保证产品质量合格的前期下，使塔的总收益最大，总成本最小。

本文主要是针对精馏塔温度控制设计。温度作为间接质量指标，是精馏塔质量控制中应用最早的也是目前最常见的方式,。用温度作为间接质量指标有一个前提，塔内压力应为定值。

关键词：精馏塔；温度控制；串级控制；前馈—串级；MATLAB仿真

Abstract

Distillation is in petroleum, chemical industry etc widely used in the process of production of a mass transfer process. Through distillation process, the various components of hybrid material separation, respectively at the purity of specified. Separation mechanism is the use of various components in the mixture of volatility of different separation. General rectification device has rectifying column and reboiler, condensation cooler, reflux drum and the reflux pump and other equipment. Rectifying column is a kind of for distillation tower gas-liquid contact device, also known as the distillation tower. Rectification tower is a process of multiple input multiple output of multivariable internal mechanism is complex, dynamic response is slow, influence each other between variables, so the control of complex. Rectification tower control objectives are: to guarantee the quality of products qualified early, the total revenue of the tower is the largest, the minimum total cost.

This article is mainly aimed at rectifying column temperature control design. Temperature indirectly as a quality index, is the first application in the quality control of rectification tower is by far the most common way, With temperature indirectly as a quality index has a premise, the tower pressure should be valued.

Key Words：Rectification tower Temperature control Cascade control Feedforward cascade Matlab simulation

目录

摘要 (1)

Abstract (2)

引言 (1)

1 绪论 (3)

1.1 课题意义与现状 (3)

1.1.1 课题意义 (3)

1.1.2 课题现状 (3)

1.2 本课题研究的主要内容 (4)

2 精馏塔控制过程控制分析 (5)

2.1 精馏基本原理 (5)

2.2 控制方案介绍 (8)

2.3 精馏塔的灵敏板选择 (9)

2.4 精馏塔控制要求 (10)

2.5 精馏塔精馏段的扰动分析 (11)

3 精馏塔温度控制方案分析 (15)

3.1 精馏塔串级方案分析 (15)

3.2 精馏塔前馈—串级方案分析 (16)

3.3 工艺描述 (19)

4 控制系统的建模 (20)

4.1 建模方法简述 (20)

4.2 过程建模的目的 (20)

4.3 建模的方法 (20)

4.3.1 机理建模 (20)

4.3.2 物料和能量守恒关系 (21)

4.3.3 经验建模 (21)

4.3.4 阶跃响应建模 (22)

4.4 阶跃响应的获取 (22)

4.5 经验建模的方法 (22)

4.6 建立数学模型 (23)

5 系统仿真 (25)

5.1 系统仿真技术概述 (25)

5.2 系统仿真的分类与发展 (25)

5.2.1 仿真系统的分类 (25)

5.2.2 仿真系统的发展 (26)

5.3 MATLAB简介 (26)

5.4 SIMULINK的简介 (27)

5.5 使用MATLAB对实验结果进行仿真 (27)

结论 (35)

参考文献 (36)

致谢 (37)