汉语谚语和歇后语的翻译

对比：
• 路遥知马力,日久见人心。 • As a long road tests a horse’s strength, so a long task proves a person’s heart. • Time reveals a person’s heart. • 初生牛犊不怕虎。 • New-born calves make little of tigers. • Young people are fearless.
判断并连线
• 星星之火可以燎原。 • A miss is as good as a mile. • Little chips light great fires. • 三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛 亮。 • Two heads are better than one. • 聪明一时糊涂一时。 • Every man has a fool in his sleeve. • Even Homer sometimes nods. • 失之毫厘谬以千里。
(2)谚语翻译要注意口语化
• 饱汉不知饿汉饥。 • The well-fed don’t know how the starving suffer. • (A magnate is unconscious of the misfortune of a pauper.) • 一物降一物。 • There is always one thing to conquer another. • (Every existence has its vanquisher.)
汉语谚语和歇后语的翻译
请举一些谚语的例子：
• 一瓶子水不响，半瓶子水乱晃。 • 好鼓一打就响，好灯一拨就亮。 • 学好千日不足，学坏一日有余。
直译，意译还是套译？
• 如何翻译谚语？这完全取决于谚语的语言特点和 文化背景。只要谚语中生动形象的比喻不影响译 文读者的理解，我们就尽可能直译，把原文的内 容、形式和精神都输入到译文中去，努力减少翻 译的损失。 • 有的谚语出于语言结构和文化背景缘故，无法让 译文读者理解，或易引起误会，则用意译。 • 有些英汉语中对等或基本对等的谚语，可以套译。
• 强中更有强中手。 • 新官上任三把火。 • 癞痢头儿子自家好。
• What is done by night appears by day. • Diamond cut diamond. • Every man thinks his own geese swans.
• 若要人不知，除非己 莫为。
2 只能意译的谚语
• 失之东隅，收之桑榆。 • Lose where the sun rises and gain where the sun sets. • What one loses on the swings one gets back on the roundabouts. • What we lose in hake we shall have in herring. • 塞翁失马，焉知非福？ • When the old man on the frontier lost his mare, who could have guessed it was a blessing in disguise? • A loss may turn out to be a gain.
(3)翻译谚语要注意语言的艺术性。
• • • • 要注意用词精炼，上下句对仗。 嘴上没毛，办事不牢。 Downy lips make thoughtless slips. A man without moustache or beard may make careless remarks. • 吃一堑长一智。 • A fall in the pit, a gain in the wit. • Let us learn from our mistakes.
翻译磨刀石
• • • • • • • • • • 敲竹杠 抱粗腿 连锅端 穿连裆裤 唱对台戏 开绿灯 泼冷水 唱反调 挖空心思 试金石
• • • • • • • • • • Overcharge/ fleece/ soak(俚语) Latch on the rich and powerful Get rid of the whole lot Work hand in clove with Put on rival show Give the green light Pour cold water on Sing a different tune Rack one’s brains Touchstone/ Lydian stone
直译加注
• 卷铺盖 • 饱眼福 • 咬耳朵 • Whisper in one’s ear • Pack up and quit • Feast one’s eye on something
意译
• 门外汉 • 风凉话 • 寻短见 • Commit suicide • A layman • Irresponsible and sarcastic remarks
• 他吗？棺材里伸出手来—死要钱。 • No, he is still after my blood. • 可是谭招弟心中却想：骑着毛驴看书—走着瞧吧， 看究竟是啥原因。 • But Tan Zhaodi was still thinking to herself, “Let’s wait and see what the reason for it turns out to be in the end.
• A new broom sweeps clean.
4.谚语翻译中的注意事项
• （1）不要用充满本国民族色彩的谚语去套译， 也就是说，原文的中国味浓厚，译文应尽量避免 出现西方的地名或人名。
• 大伯笑呵呵地对我说：“我们北方人都喜欢睡炕， 你也将就点吧，俗话说入乡随俗嘛。” • Uncle said to me smilingly, “we northerners like to sleep on our kangs. You will have to put up with it. As the proverb goes, do as the local peopledo.” Do as the Romans do.
汉语歇后语的翻译
• 1 直译的歇后语 • 丈八的灯台—照见人家，照不见自己。 • To be like a ten-foot lampstand that sheds light on others but none on itself. • 一条绳子栓着两蚂蚱—谁也跑不了。 • Be like two grasshoppers tied to one cord: neither can get away.
我是想，咱们是孔夫子搬家—净是输（书）， 心里真有点干啥的。 Only I feel bad when we lose every fight.
惯用语的翻译
• • • • • 连根拔 走下坡路 及时雨 一窝蜂 捋虎须
直译
• Tear up by the root • Go downhill/ hit the skids(俚语) • Timely rain • Like a swarm of bees • Stroke a tiger’s whiskers
1 可以直译的谚语
• 明枪易躲暗箭难防。 • It is easy to dodge a spear in the open, but hard to guard against an arrow shot from hiding. • 城门失火殃及池鱼。 • A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fish in the moat.
• 白天不做亏心事，夜 半敲门心不惊。
• 只许州官放火不许百 姓点灯。
• 江山易改本性难移。
• A clean hand wants no washing; • A clear conscience laughs at false accusation; • A quiet conscience sleeps in thunder.
套译的歇后语
• 肉包子打狗，一去不回头。 • A dog given a bone who doesn’t come back for more.
只能意译的(双关、谐音)歇后语
• 他必审问我，我给他个“徐庶入曹营—一语不 发。” • He is sure to ask questions but I will hold my tongue to begin with.
3 可以套译的谚语
• • • • • • • • • • 一次被火烧，二次避火苗。 A burnt child dreads the fire. 少见多怪。 Wonder is the daughter of ignorance. 龙生龙凤生凤。 Like begets like. 烂麻搓成绳，也能拉千斤。 Many straws may bind an elephant. 渔翁得利 When shepherds quarrel, the wolf has a winning game.
• 扣帽子
• Put a label on something
套译
• 煞风景 • 拍马屁 • 绕圈子 • 摆架子 • 露马脚 • 灌迷汤 • Be a wet blanket （killjoy -n.） • Lick sb’s boots • Beat about the bush • Put on airs • Let the cat out of the bag (show the hoof/ cloven foot) • Butter sb. up
• 庆父不死鲁难未已。 • There will always be trouble until the trouble-maker is removed. • Until Qing Fu is done away with, the crisis in the state of Lu will not be over. • 此地无银三百两。 • A guilty person gives himself away by conspicuously protesting his innocence. • No 300 taels(两) of silver buried here.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
• 好事不出门，坏事传 千里。 • 病来如山倒，病去如 抽丝。 • 留得青山在，不怕没 柴烧。 • 欲加之罪何患无辞。
• Give a dog a bad name and hang him. • Agues come on horseback, but go away on foot. • While there is life there is hope. • Good news goes on crutches; ill news flies apace.
To be continued…
• 既来之则安之。
• One man may steal a horse while another may not look over a hedge. • A leopard cannot change its spots. (A fox may grow grey, but never good.) • Take things as they come.
请用英语成语连线以下词组。
• • • • • • • • 畅销 抄近路 出身显贵 饭桶 思维敏捷 放下架子 非常紧张 非常健康
• • • • • • • Get off one’s high horse Sell like hot cakes In the pink/ fit as a fiddle Poor tool Think on one’s feet Cut corners With one’s heart in one’s mouth/boots • Be born in the purple