太阳能供暖研究
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第27卷第4期2011年4月
建筑科学BUILDING SCIENCE
Vol.27,No.4Apr.2011
[文章编号]
1002-8528(2011)04-0036-06太阳能富集地区住宅建筑非平衡保温研究
———拉萨市供暖期太阳辐射分析与室内热环境测试
李
恩,刘加平,张卫华(西安建筑科技大学
建筑学院,西安710055)
[摘
要]在有供暖需求的太阳能资源富集地区,由于太阳辐射强烈,住宅建筑各个朝向外墙,尤其是南北向的外墙所接收的太阳辐射量差异很大,为了更有效地利用太阳能并降低保温成本,这种差异应表现在建筑围护结构保温性能的设计中。本文通过对拉萨市标准年气象数据库的分析得到了其住宅建筑各朝向外墙供暖季内获得的太阳辐射量。与内地城市相比,拉萨市太阳能资源丰富且朝向差异很大,非平衡保温具有一定的实际意义。另外,冬季现场测试表明无供暖建筑的南北朝向房间热环境有所不同,南向房间测试周期内基本处于人体舒适范围内,而北向房间始终偏冷,远离人体热舒适区域,有供暖需求。
[关键词]非平衡保温;太阳辐射当量温度;壁面温度;热舒适[中图分类号]TU111.3;TU241[文献标识码]A
Study on Unbalanced Insulation of
Residential Building in Solar Energy Abundant Area
———Solar Radiation Analysis and Indoor Thermal Environment Test in Lhasa during Heating Period
LI En ,LIU Jia-ping ,ZHANG Wei-hua
(School of Architecture ,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology ,Xi'an 710055,China )
[Abstract ]In the solar energy abundant area with heating requirement ,
due to strong solar radiation ,the exterior wall with different orientations of the residential building ,especially the south-north exterior walls have great difference in the received solar radiation.To more effectively utilize the solar energy and reduce the heat preservation cost ,this difference shall be manifested in the building envelope insulation performance design.In this paper ,the solar radiation obtained by the exterior walls with different orientations in the residential building during the heating period was achieved through the analysis of standard annual meteorological database in pared with the hinterland cities ,
Lhasa had rich solar energy resource and great orientation difference ,and the unbalanced insulation had realistic significance.In addition ,the winter field test results indicated that the south-north room had great heat environment difference in the building without heating.In detail ,during the test period ,the south-oriented room was basically within the thermal comfort scope ,while the north-oriented room was colder ,far away from the thermal comfort area ,and therefore had heating requirement.
[Keywords ]unbalance insulation ,equivalent temperature of solar radiation ,surface temperature ,thermal comfort
[收稿日期]2010-09-07[修回日期]2010-09-28[作者简介]李恩(1982-),男,在读博士研究生[联系方式]lien801@
非平衡保温是指在有供暖需求的太阳能资源富集地区(例如拉萨),由于太阳辐射强烈,住宅建筑各个朝向,
尤其是南北朝向的外墙所接收的太阳辐射量差异非常大,在传热上表现为某一周期内,各朝向外墙的传热过程不同。因此在工程设计中,应对不同朝向的外墙采用不同的保温措施。现行的节能
设计标准往往针对建筑物围护结构设定统一的传热系数限值,然后在节能验算时使用朝向修正系数进行修正。这种节能设计方法并没有体现出太阳能富集地区的特点,因此有必要对太阳能富集地区进行具体分析
[1]
。
1
拉萨市供暖季太阳辐射得热量计算
1.1
12月22日不同朝向太阳辐射强度计算标准年的逐时气象资料是研究建筑节能的基本
参数之一,本文数据来自《中国建筑用标准气象数