陶渊明新自然观的思想蕴涵

陶淵明新自然觀的思想蘊涵
---------論〈形影神〉三詩對生命議題的解析與辨證
劉瑞琳
摘要
陶淵明（365-427）於東晉義熙九年（413）所作〈形影神〉三詩並序，是對生命議題提出最成熟的理論成果。

詩人透過形、影、神三者間贈言、答覆與解釋的方式，闡述對生命主體以及時行樂與立善遺愛的遺憾與錯誤，進而提出以「委運任化」與「縱浪大化」的生命態度，以銷解世人因「營營惜生」所導致的生命焦慮與迷思。

本文首章先以辨析〈形影神〉三詩的寫作年代與背景，確定詩作於詩人中年時期；其次依詩人所提形、影、神之生命態度，逐章論述詩作對於生命議題的解析與辨證過程。

至於詩中所定論「自然」之生命宗旨，則以「新」的觀點，辨析本詩思想內涵係針對佛道兩教及儒家名教立論的時代意義。

關鍵詞：形、影、神、惜生、自然、新自然觀、委運任化、縱浪大化、與化推移、與化為體
Ｔhe Thought Content of Tao-Yuan-M ing’s Nature Concept
--to Discuss and Debate Life T opic “Body, Shadow, and Min d”
from Three Poems
Ruey-lin Lieu
Abstract
Tao-Yuan-M ing had written “body, shadow; mind” three poems and preface in Dong-Jin Yi-Xi 9 year to afford well-considered theory for life topic. After discussion on body, shadow and mind of advice, reply and explanatory form, poets set forth their position on life subject, express regret or falsehood over the timely seeking for amusement and philanthropic act, take further to provide life attitude on obedient nature change and conform to nature decomposition, and dispel life misgivings from earning living as a rush and a muddle. The text starts to debate written time and background of “body, shadow; mind” three poems, decide on a middle age works, then comply poet to give life attitude on three poems, and discourse comment process of the life topic one by one. As for the poem defining nature’s life purpose, the “new” concept used in order to differentiate the thought content is directed against Buddhism, Taoism and Confucian ism’s ethical code.
Key words: body, shadow, mind, spare oneself life, nature, new nature concept, obedient nature change, conform to the nature decomposition, with the
passage of nature change, merge into an organic whole with nature
change.。