(完整版)高中英语语法复习《主谓一致》教案

主谓一致

主谓一致指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数的形式上的一致关系。这种一致关系通常牵涉到三个不同的基本原则：

语法一致原则句子主语和谓语动词在单复数形式上保持一致。

意义一致原则句子主语和谓语动词的一致关系并非取决于主语的单复数形式，而是取决于主语的单复数意义。

就近原则当句子中有若干个并列主语出现，谓语动词的单复数形式由最靠近它的名词决定。

I.以– s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致

II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致

III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

IV.表示数量的名词短语作主语时的主谓一致

V.一些句型结构的主谓一致（定语从句、存在句、强调句、名词性从句、非谓语形式作主语）

VI.其他结构中的主谓一致

I.以– s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致

1.以– s 结尾的表示体育活动的名词作主语

2.以– ics 结尾的表示学科的名词作主语

3.以– s 结尾的地理名词作主语

4.以– s 结尾的由两部分组成的名词作主语

5.* 以– ings结尾的动名词作主语

6.其他以– s结尾的名词

II.集合名词作主语时的主谓一致

集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中有的是复数含义，有的是不可数含义，有的根据不同的上下文，既可以有复数含义，也可以有单数含义。

1.通常用作复数的集合名词

这类名词包括people, police, cattle, *poultry, *vermin等。在它们之后的谓语动词用复数形式。

e.g. The police are in search of the murderer.

Cattle provide us with milk and beef.

People解释为“民族”时为单数形式，复数时词尾要加s。

e.g. There are fifty-six peoples in China.

2.通常用作单数的集合名词

machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, foliage等。在它们之后的谓语动词用单数形

式。

e.g. The merchandise has arrived earlier than expected.

All the machinery here is made in China.

3.既能作复数又能做单数的集合名词

这类名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式主要取决于集合名词在上下文中的具体含义。

当作主语的集合名词强调的是一个整体或组织，谓语动词用单数形式

当作主语的集合名词强调的是整体中的个体或成员，谓语动词用复数形式。

这类词有：committee, council, association, board, government, family, audience, crowd, class, school, army, flock, herd, village等。

e.g. A committee was asked to investigate the case. (强调委员会这一个整体)

The committee is composed of quite a few experts and scholars. (强调委员会这个组织)

The anti-crime committee meets in the town hall. (强调委员会这个组织)

The committee are divided in opinion. (强调委员会中的每个委员)

The committee are at dinner. (强调委员会中的每个委员)

My family is a big one. (强调家庭这一个整体)

My family are all diligent workers. (强调家庭中的所有成员)

The audience are raising their hands to show their approval. (谓语动词用复数形式，与their呼应，强调观众中的每个成员)

The class consists of 45 students. (强调班级这个整体)

The class are unable to decide a monitor. (这里的class 强调班级中的每一个成员)

The herd of cows and calves is the healthiest the farm has hard. (强调牛群这一整体)

The herd of cows and calves are moving towards the barn. (强调牛群中的每一个个体)

The village were all against the project. (强调村庄里的村民们)

4.其他：

当主语是由a committee/ board/ panel of 构成的短语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

e.g. A committee of three professors is to decide whether he can get the degree.

A panel of four has been chosen to judge the competition.

The board of directions is in charge of the management of the company.

III.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致

1.用and或both … and …连接的并列主语

当and 或both … and …连接的并列主语表示的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词通常用复数形式；若所指的只是一个人或物，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

e.g. B lue and yellow make green.

You and I are good friends.

The great scholar and poet is now dead.

The great scholar and the poet are now dead

The hammer and sickle was flying from a tall flagpole.

Reading and solving equation are entirely different assignments.

Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割)