地方降压变电站电气一次系统初步设计论文

110KV变电站电气一次系统设计

摘要

随着经济的发展和现代工业建设的迅速崛起，供电系统的设计越来越全面、系统，工厂用电量迅速增长，对电能质量、技术经济状况、供电的可靠性指标也日益提高，因此对供电设计也有了更高、更完善的要求。设计是否合理，不仅直接影响基建投资、运行费用和有色金属的消耗量，也会反映在供电的可靠性和安全生产方面，它和企业的经济效益、设备人身安全密切相关。

变电站是电力系统的一个重要组成部分，由电器设备及配电网络按一定的接线方式所构成，他从电力系统取得电能，通过其变换、分配、输送与保护等功能，然后将电能安全、可靠、经济的输送到每一个用电设备的转设场所。作为电能传输与控制的枢纽，变电站必须改变传统的设计和控制模式，才能适应现代电力系统、现代化工业生产和社会生活的发展趋势。随着计算机技术、现代通讯和网络技术的发展，为目前变电站的监视、控制、保护和计量装置及系统分隔的状态提供了优化组合和系统集成的技术基础。

110kV变电站属于高压网络，该地区变电所所涉及方面多，考虑问题多，分析变电所担负的任务及用户负荷等情况，选择所址，利用用户数据进行负荷计算，确定用户无功功率补偿装置。同时进行各种变压器的选择，从而确定变电站的接线方式，再进行短路电流计算，选择送配电网络及导线，进行短路电流计算。选择变电站高低压电气设备，为变电站平面及剖面图提供依据。本变电所的初步设计包括了：（1）总体方案的确定（2）短路电流的计算（3）高低压配电系统设计与系统接线方案选择（4）防雷保护等容。

随着电力技术高新化、复杂化的迅速发展，电力系统在从发电到供电的所有领域中，通过新技术的使用，都在不断的发生变化。变电所作为电力系统中一个关键的环节也同样在新技术领域得到了充分的发展。

关键词：变电站；输电系统；配电系统；高压网

ABSTRACT

Along with the economic development and the modern industry developments of quick rising, the design of the power supply system become more and more completely and system. Because the quickly increase electricity of factories, it also increases seriously to the dependable index of the economic condition, power supply in quantity. Therefore they need the higher and more perfect request to the power supply. Whether Design reasonable, not only affect directly the base investment and circulate the expenses with have the metal depletion in colour metal, but also will reflect the dependable in power supply and the safe in many facts. In a word, it is close with the economic performance and the safety of the people.

The substation is an importance part of the electric power system, it is consisted of the electric appliances equipments and the Transmission and the Distribution. It obtains the electric power from the electric power system, through its function of transformation and assign, transport and safety. Then transport the power to every place with safe, dependable, and economical. As an important part of power’s transport and control, the transformer substation must change the mode of the traditional design and control, then can adapt to the modern electric power system, the development of modern industry and the of trend of the society life.

The region of 110-voltage effect many fields and should consider many problems. Analyse change to give or get an electric shock a mission for carrying and customers carries etc. circumstance, choose the address, make good use of customer data

proceed then carry calculation, ascertain the correct equipment of the customer. At the same time following the choice of every kind of transformer, then make sure the line method of the transformer substation, then calculate the short-circuit electric current, choosing to send together with the electric wire method and the style of the wire, then proceeding the calculation of short-circuit electric current. This first step of design included:(1) ascertain the total project (2) the calculation of the short-circuit electric current . (3) the design of an electric shock the system design to connect with system and the choice of line project .(4) the contents to defend the thunder and so on. Along with the high and quick development of electric power technique, electric power system then can change from the generate of the electricity to the supply the power.

Key words：Substation; Transmission System; Distribution; High Voltage Network

目录

摘要........................................................................ I ABSTRACT................................................................... II 前言 (1)

原始数据 (2)

一、主变压器容量、台数及形式的选择 (4)

1概述 (4)

2主变压器台数的选择 (4)

3主变压器容量的选择 (5)

3.1主变容量的确定计算 (5)

4主变压器型式的选择 (6)

4.1主变压器相数的选择 (6)

4.2绕组数的选择 (6)

4.3主变调压方式的选择 (7)

4.4连接组别的选择 (7)

4.5容量比的选择 (7)

4.6主变压器冷却方式的选择 (8)

二、电气主接线选择 (10)

1概述 (10)

1.1可靠性 (10)

1.2灵活性 (10)

1.3经济性 (10)

2主接线的接线方式选择 (11)

2.1单母线接线 (11)

2.2单母分段 (11)

2.3单母分段带旁路母线 (11)

2.4桥形接线 (11)

2.5一个半断路器（3/2）接线 (12)

2.6双母接线 (12)

2.7双母线分段接线 (12)

3主接线比较选择 (13)

三、短路电流计算 (26)

1概述 (26)

2短路计算的目的及假设 (26)

2.1短路电流计算是变电所电气设计中的一个重要环节 (26)

2.2短路电流计算的一般规定 (26)

2.3短路计算基本假设 (27)

2.4基准值 (27)

2.5短路电流计算的步骤 (27)

3计算变压器各绕组电抗 (28)

4计算系统及线路阻抗 (29)

5等值网络 (29)

四、电气设备的选择 (32)

1概述 (32)

1.1一般原则 (33)

1.2技术条件 (33)

2断路器的选择 (34)

2.1按开断电流选择 (34)

2.2短路关合电流的选择 (34)

2.3断路器选择计算 (34)

3隔离开关的选择 (38)

3.1隔离开关选择计算 (39)

4高压熔断器的选择 (42)

4.1按额定电压选择 (42)

4.2按额定电流选择 (42)

4.3高压熔断器的计算 (42)

5互感器的选择 (43)

5.1电流互感器的选择 (43)

5.2电流互感器的计算 (44)

5.3电压互感器的选择 (47)

5.4电压互感器计算 (48)

6母线的选择 (49)

6.1裸导体的选择条件选择和校验 (50)

6.2母线及电缆截面的选择 (50)

6.3110kV、35kV、10kV侧母线及其10kV侧电缆出线选择计算 (50)

7支持绝缘子及穿墙套管的选择 (56)

7.1支持绝缘子的选择 (56)

7.2支持绝缘子的计算 (56)

7.3穿墙套管的选择 (57)

7.4穿墙套管的计算 (57)

8主变压器之间的消弧线圈 (57)

9电抗器选择 (58)

10经济性比较 (58)

五、电气总平面布置及配电装置的选择 (60)

1概述 (60)

2高压配电装置的选择 (61)

六、防雷设计规划 (64)

1防雷保护的设计 (64)

2主变中性点放电间隙保护 (65)

3避雷器的选择 (65)

4避雷针的选择 (67)

5保护全面积的校验 (68)

6接地网的设计 (68)

6.1接地体的设计 (69)

6.2典型接地体接地电阻计算 (69)

6.3接地网设计计算 (69)

参考文献 (72)

设计图纸说明 (73)

致 (74)