烟气脱硫吸收塔设计

烟气脱硫吸收塔设计

摘要

在概述我国烟气脱硫技术现状，介绍了一些国外的烟气脱硫技术的基础上分析了我国燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫技术的发展前景。本文针对设计任务书中所给出的烟气含量和脱硫要求，结合我国烟气脱硫的技术现状选择了顺应吸收塔发展潮流的喷淋塔作为设计对象来实现石灰石－石膏湿法烟气脱硫，主要设计吸收塔部分。

本设计用于小型机组的烟气脱硫，这套工艺采用了脱硫、除尘和就地强制氧化同时完成的高性能化组合塔型。设计塔内烟气的流速为3 m•s-1 ，液气比为18 L•m-3，钙硫比为1.04。喷淋塔主体、除雾器和再热器依次垂直布置，这样塔的整体布局将会更加紧凑，占地面积较小。采用价廉易得的石灰石为原料，脱硫产物石膏品质优良，可代替天然石膏使用。采取了回收与抛弃兼容的处理方法。本文还介绍了湿式石灰石-石膏烟气脱硫工艺的各个子系统，大致确定了本工艺中选用各子系统的的处理流程、装置和设备。并对所设计的烟气脱硫工艺进行了技术经济分析。

关键词：湿法烟气脱硫，喷淋塔，石灰石－石膏法

ABSTRACT

After summarizes the flue gas desulphurization technical present situation of our country，also introduces some overseas technologies of flue gas desulphurization. This thesis analyzed developing prospect of the flue gas desulphurization technologies of our country. The spray scrubber, which is the developing trend of absorption tower ,is designed for CaCO3－CaSO4 wet flue gas desulphurization in this paper according to the composition of the fume gas and the desulphurization request. The major mission of the paper is design of the absorber.

The system is fit for small-sized unit in thermal .The technology uses the high-performance integral spray scrubber, in which the function of desulphurization、dedusting and forced oxidation on the spot are possessed simultaneously. The designed velocity of flue gas in countercurrent sect ion is 3 m•s-1. The liquid/gas ratio is 18 L•m-3 and Ca/S ratio is 1.04. Spray tower, mist eliminator, reheaters are arranged one on top of another vertically, therefore the tower area layout of it is more compact and the occupied land area is smaller. The raw material is limestone because of its low-price, the product-gypsum is reliable enough to take the place of natural gypsum. The treatment of part of the gypsum being recovered and part being abandoned was adopt.

This thesis introduces the subsystems of the WFGD technology and ascertains the technological process、devices and equipments of every subsystem approximately. And also carries out economical and technical analyze of the WFGD system designed.

KEY WORDS：wet flue gas desulphurization(WFGD)，spray scrubber，limestone-gypsum technology

目录

前言 1

第1章脱硫方案的选择以及塔体选型 6

1.1 脱硫方案的选择 6

1.2 塔型选择 6

1.3 氧化方式的选择[9] 7

1.4 石灰石－石膏法WFGD的工艺原理 8

1.4.1石灰石－石膏法WFGD反应机理 8

1.4.2 SO2的吸收 10

第2章石灰石-石膏法WFGD系统概述 11

2.1 典型工艺流程 11

2.2 工艺设备布置 12

2.3 脱硫风机的布置 13

第3章喷淋塔的设计计算 15

3.1 设计初值 15

3.1.1 燃煤数据分析 15

3.1.2 烟气状态 16

3.2吸收塔喷淋区设计 16

3.2.1吸收区内径和塔截面积 17

3.2.2 喷淋塔吸收区喷淋层 18

3.2.3 喷浆管的设计 19

3.2.4 喷淋层的雾化喷嘴 19

3.2.5 喷雾管道的设计与布置 21

3.2.6喷淋塔烟气入口、出口及多孔托盘 22

3.3喷淋塔氧化区的设计 24

3.3.1持液槽 24

3.3.2喷淋塔氧化槽的隔板 25

3.3.3 喷淋塔持液槽的搅拌器和挡板 26

3.3.4喷淋塔氧化区的氧化管道（空气分布器） 27

3.3.5喷淋塔氧化风机 28

3.4喷淋塔除雾区的设计 29

3.5泵的选型 30

3.5.1 循环泵选型 30

3.5.2 排出泵选型 31

3.6 塔体的高度设计 32

3.6.1 持液槽 32

3.6.2 连接区 33

3.6.3 吸收区 33

3.6.4 除雾区 33

3.6.5 吸收塔总高 34