仲景调和肝脾学术思想初探_黄开颜
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第14卷 第5期 2012 年 5 月
辽宁中医药大学学报
JOURNAL OF LIAONING UNIVERSITY OF TCM
Vol. 14 No. 5 May,2012
肝脾不和乃临床之常见证型。在《伤寒论》和
《金匮要略》这两本经典著作里,张仲景在继承前人学说的基础上对其病因病机、治则治法及方药均有论述及发挥,其学术思想对后世影响广泛深远。本文试图通过对仲景“调和肝脾”学术思想脉络的梳理,进一步明确其定义及方法,从而指导我们的临床实践。
1 定 义
《中医大词典》[1]
中对“肝脾不调(即肝脾不和)”作出如下定义:病机,指肝脾两脏功能失调。生理上肝气疏泄条达,有助于脾气升发健运。若肝气郁结,失其疏泄之职,影响脾胃正常健运,可致肝郁脾虚;若肝气亢盛,则可横逆而侵犯脾土,称为肝木乘脾土,脾与胃相表里,一脏一腑,因而引致肝气犯胃或肝气犯脾的证候。以上三种统属
肝脾不调。
笔者认为,此定义的范围过于狭小,只包括三种分证,且皆从肝为本、脾胃为标的角度去考虑,不适用于本文研究范围。
针对仲景在《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》二书中论及的内容,笔者为“肝脾不和”作出如下定义:其实质按五行学说来讲指的是木与土之间的平衡关系被打破,按脏腑经络来说指的是肝胆和脾胃四脏腑及其经络之间的正常生理联系受到影响,产生各种病理的联系,形成各种病理产物,影响气血津液的生成、输布和储存,从而影响人体的正常生理活动,发为各种临床疾病。
相应地,“调和肝脾”的定义是:针对不同的病因病机,分析其标本缓急,制定相应治法,采用方药、针刺等方法,恢复木与土之间的生理平衡,从而治疗
仲景调和肝脾学术思想初探
黄开颜,李赛美
(广州中医药大学第一临床医学院伤寒教研室,广东 广州 510405)
摘 要:
文章从《伤寒论》、《金匮要略》二书中,探讨总结了张仲景调和肝脾的学术思想及其体系,其总的精神为“平调阴阳”,恢复机体生理平衡;其治疗方法,则按照标本关系,或治肝为主,或治脾为主,或肝脾同治,或先用一法,后用一法。其治疗手段则有方药、针刺等。文章试图总结归纳其方法及精神,以期对临床有所裨益。
关键词:
张机;调和肝脾;理论探讨中图分类号:
R222 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-842X (2012) 05- 0095- 04收稿日期:
2011-12-22作者简介:
黄开颜(1983-),女,广东阳江人,助教,研究方向:经方治疗疑难病症;《伤寒论》文献研究。通讯作者:
李赛美(1960-),女,教授,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:经方治疗疑难病症研究;《伤寒论》文献研究。Research on Theory of Coordinating Liver and Spleen of ZHANG Zhong-jing
HUANG Kai-yan,LI Sai-mei
(First School of Clinical Medicine,Guangzhou University of Chinese
Medicine,Guangzhou 510405,Guangdong,China)
Abstract :
Incoordination between liver and spleen is the frequent clinical pathogenesis. ZHANG Zhong-jing discussed this question particularly in his contributions Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Febrile
Diseases Caused by Cold )and Jingui Yaolue (The Prescription in Golden Cabinet ). His academic
standpoint has been influencing the later generations.Analyzing and summarizing the clauses in Shanghan Lun and Jingui Yaolue ,analyzing the differences between different syndromes,there are eight basic methods in ZHANG's books :①dispersing the stagnation of liver-QI ;②elimination of the liver heat ;③subduing the excessive liver-energy ;④supporting the liver blood ;⑤elimination of the gallbladder fire ;⑥warming the spleen yang ;⑦elimination of cold-dampness ;⑧eliminating Fu-organ excess. All diagnosis and treatment are based on an overall analysis of the illness and the patients' conditions. Sometimes the liver disease is treated at first,sometimes the spleen disease is treated at first,sometimes both of them are treated. One of these methods is used,or two of them are used together. Sometimes,one is used at first and another is used at last. According to this theory,there are many therapies here,for example,prescription and acupuncture. The purpose of coordinating liver and spleen is to harmonize Yin and Yang.
Key words :ZHANG Zhong-jing ;coordinating liver and spleen ;study of theory