ABAQUS connector用法
Connection Elements and Connection
Library
Lecture 2
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
L2.2 Overview
?Introduction
?Defining Connector Elements
?Understanding Connector Sections
?Understanding Connection Types
?Understanding Connector Local Directions
?Rotational Degrees of Freedom at Nodes
?Components of Relative Motion
?Connector Local Kinematics
?Summary of Orientations and Local Directions
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Introduction
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.4
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Introduction
?General characteristics of connector elements
?Connector elements model discrete (point-to-point) physical connections between deformable or rigid bodies or can be connected to ground.
?Example: typical connections in automotive suspension systems
Typical connections in automotive suspension
Rack and pinion Control arm
Tie rod
Knuckle
Strut
JOIN CYLINDRICAL
AXIAL
CYLINDRICAL
LINK
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.5
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Introduction
?Connector elements have relative displacements and rotations that are local to the element, which are referred to as components of relative motions (CORM).
?Connector elements impose kinematic constraints. For example:
?Door connected to a frame through a hinge ?Two panels of sheet metal spot welded together ?Constant velocity joints
?Connector elements may include (nonlinear) force-versus-displacement (or velocity) behavior in their available components of relative motion. ?Example: muscle force resisting the rotation of a knee joint in a crash-test occupant dummy model.
?Connector elements can provide comprehensive kinematic and kinetic output describing the connection.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.6
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Introduction
?Connector elements are functionally defined by specifying the connection attributes.
?Connection types
?For example: axial, hinge, weld, constant velocity joints, link,beam, etc.?Local connector directions
?Connector behaviors
?Uncoupled or coupled response
?Linear or nonlinear response ?Elasticity and damping ?Plasticity ?Friction
?Damage and Failure ?Stops and locks AXIAL connection in a shock absorbing
strut uses a variety of connection behaviors, including spring, damping and stop
behaviors
AXIAL
Defining Connector Elements
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
L2.8 Defining Connector Elements
?Connector elements are 2-node elements.
?Element type:
?CONN2D2
?Two-dimensional analysis
?Axisymmetric analysis
?CONN3D2
?Three-dimensional analysis
?Both types of element have at most two nodes.
?The position (location, orientation) and motion (displacement, velocity,
acceleration) of the second node on the element are measured relative to
the first node.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.9
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Defining Connector Elements
?Defining a connector element –Keywords interface
?To connect two points:
*ELEMENT, TYPE=[CONN2D2 or CONN3D2]
element number , first node number , second node number
?Example: Shock absorber
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2101, 11, 12
Simplified connector model of a shock absorber
a
b
1Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.10
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Defining Connector Elements
?To connect a point to ground:
?The ground “node”can be the first or second node on the connector
element.
*ELEMENT, TYPE=name
element number , , node number on the body
or
*ELEMENT, TYPE=name
element number , node number on the body
?The ground node is fixed.
2
L2.11 Defining Connector Elements
?Defining connector geometry –ABAQUS/CAE interface
?Create assembly-level wire features to define
connector geometry in the Interaction module.
?disjoint wires
?chained wires
?wires to ground.
?Click Add to add points
?Tip: two coincident points can be
selected simultaneously by double-clicking
on the location of the points
?Click Delete to delete the selected point pair.
?Click Swap to swap the points of the selected
point pair.
?Tip: the point pair needs to be selected by
click its index number.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
L2.12 Defining Connector Elements
? A geometry set including all of the wires can be
created when creating the wire feature.
?The set can be used during the subsequent
selection procedures.
?For example, you can use sets to assign
connector sections, request output, or
prescribe motions.
?Note: Multiple sets can be merged
into a new set using the set merge
feature.
?Assembly-level wire features cannot be modified
directly once created.
?Wires can be removed by selecting Remove
Wires From Feature.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.13
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Defining Connector Elements
?Example: Truck door hinges
?In this example, hinge connectors connect a truck door to the truck body.
ABAQUS/CAE interface Create wire geometry
Keywords interface Define a connector element
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=CONN_DOOR_HINGE 620601, 9000009, 9000010
620602, 9000011, 9000012...
2 nodes per element
RP-2node 9000010
HINGE connectors
at door hinges
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connector Sections
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.15
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connector Sections
?Connector section defines:
?The connection type.
?The local directions associated with the connector’s nodes ?The connector behaviors.
?Note: Details of connector behavior will be discussed in lectures 4 and 5.
?Creating a connector section
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=name
ABAQUS/CAE interface
Keywords interface
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.16
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connector Sections
?Defining the connection type
?Basic connection components
?Translations ?Rotations
?Assembled connection components
?Combination of basic connection components
Keywords interface
ABAQUS/CAE interface
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET =name basic connection type,
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=name assembled connection
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.17
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connector Sections
?Example: Truck door hinges –Keywords interface
?Define and assign a connector section
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=CONN_DOOR_HINGE 620601,9000009,9000010620602,9000011,9000012
*CONNECTOR SECTION , ELSET=CONN_DOOR_HINGE HINGE ...
Assembled connection; one can also use basic connection types: JOIN and REVOLUTE .
Connector elements CONN_DOOR_HINGE
(assignment)
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.18
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connector Sections
?Example: Truck door hinges –ABAQUS/CAE interface
?Define and assign a connector section
?Define a connector section
Assembled Hinge connection;
one can also use basic connection types: JOIN and REVOLUTE.
No behavior options are specified (default).
Note: Details will be discussed in lectures 4 and 5.
1
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.19
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connector Sections
?Assign a connector section
?Connector section assignment is used to assign a connector section to a region (wires) of the model.
Assign the connection section DOOR_HINGES to the wire Wire-1-DOOR_HINGES .
2Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connection Types
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.21
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connection Types
?Connection types
?The connection-type library contains:
?Translational basic connection components, which affect
translational DOFs at both nodes and may affect rotational DOFs at the first node of the connector element.?Rotational basic connection components, which affect only rotational DOFs at both nodes of the connector element ?Assembled connections , which are a predefined combination of translational and rotational basic connection components.?The above choices determine which element local DOFs exist.
?Given the number of connection types available, it is clear that connector elements can easily be customized to suit an application.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.22
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
?Examples of translational basic connections :
?AXIAL –Provide a connection between two nodes that acts along the line connecting the nodes.
?CARTESIAN –Provide a connection between two nodes that allows independent behavior in three local Cartesian directions.?JOIN –Join the position of two nodes.
?ACCELEROMETER –Provide a connection between two nodes to measure the relative acceleration, velocity, and position of a body in a local coordinate system.
?Available only in 3D analysis in ABAQUS/Explicit. ?Will be converted internally to a CARTESIAN connector type in ABAQUS/Standard.
b
a
u 1
b a
b a
AXIAL
JOIN
CARTESIAN
ACCELEROMETER
Understanding Connection Types
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.23
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
?Examples of rotational basic connections:
?REVOLUTE –Provides a revolute connection between two nodes.?CARDAN –Provides a
rotational connection between two nodes parameterized by Cardan angles.?EULER –Provides a rotational connection between two nodes parameterized by Euler angles
REVOLUTE
CARDAN
EULER
Understanding Connection Types
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.24
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connection Types
Basic rotational Basic translational ROTATION-ACCELEROMETER SLOT
ROTATION
SLIDE-PLANE UNIVERSAL
REVOLUTE RADIAL-THRUST PROJECTION FLEXION-TORSION PROJECTION CARTESIAN FLEXION-TORSION
LINK
EULER
JOIN CONSTANT VELOCITY CARTESIAN CARDAN
AXIAL ALIGN ACCELEROMETER a
b 1
23
φ
a
2
3b
1
Summary of basic connection types
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.25
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
?Examples of assembled connections:
?BEAM –provides a rigid beam connection between two nodes (JOIN + ALIGN)?HINGE –joins the position of two nodes, and provides a revolute connection between their rotational degrees of freedom (JOIN + REVOLUTE)
?UJOINT –joins the position of two nodes, and provides a universal connection between their rotational degrees of freedom at the nodes (JOIN + UNIVERSAL)
a
b
BEAM
HINGE UJOINT
Understanding Connection Types
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.26
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connection Types
JOIN
JOIN SLOT SLIDE-PLANE JOIN
SLOT JOIN PROJECTION CARTESIAN JOIN
Equivalent basic connection components
(translational + rotational)Assembled ALIGN
WELD
UNIVERSAL UJOINT ALIGN TRANSLATOR REVOLUTE PLANAR REVOLUTE HINGE REVOLUTE CYLINDRICAL CONSTANT VELOCITY CVJOINT PROJECTION
FLEXION-TORSION BUSHING
ALIGN
BEAM
Summary of assembled connection types
L2.27 Understanding Connection Types
?More advanced connection types, such as FLOW-CONVERTER,
RETRACTOR and SLIPRING, are also available.
?These connectors are special pulley-type connectors used to model
seatbelt kinematics.
?These connection types will not be discussed here but are discussed
further in Appendix1.
?Example: Three-point belt model with retractor and pretensioner.
Video Clip
Video Clip Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connector Local
Directions
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.29
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
?Understanding connector local directions
?Orientations are used to define local directions for connection types that use local directions (local directions may be required or optional)
?The local directions are defined by reference to a local orientation or coordinate system.
?Example: HINGE connector requires an orientation to be associated with the first node a .
?The hinge axis is aligned with the orientation X -direction.
(local orientation)
X
Understanding Connector Local Directions
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.30
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
?Not all connection type require the local directions (e.g. LINK).
?In some cases default local directions are chosen (e.g. CARTESIAN)
?Local directions at the second node are not used by all connection types.
?Example: SLOT connection
?The line of the slot is defined by the first local direction at node a and the initial position of node b . (fig. a)
?The SLOT connection constrains the position of node b (x b ) to remain on the line of the slot.
?Note: different results would be obtained if different orientations are used for the local directions. (figs. b, c)
21
u 1
u 1
1
2
b. Orientation pointing from node a to node b
c. 45o counterclockwise rotation of the slot
a. SLOT connection
a
Understanding Connector Local Directions
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.31
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Understanding Connector Local Directions
?The default directions at the second node are the local directions at the first node.
?It may be necessary to define local directions at the second node to model the mechanism correctly, e.g. UJOINT.
?In geometrically nonlinear analyses, the element local directions
associated with the nodes rotate with the rotational degrees of freedom at the nodes.
? A summary of connector local directions will be in the section “Summary of Orientations and Local Directions”in this lecture.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.32
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
?Defining connector orientation
?Example: Truck door hinges
Z Y
X
ORI_CONN_DOOR
ABAQUS/CAE interface Define orientation using a datum coordinate system
Keywords interface
Define orientation using local CSYS
*ORIENTATION , NAME=ORI_CONN_DOOR 0.,0.,1., 1.,0.,0.3,0
Understanding Connector Local Directions
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.33
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
?Example: Truck door hinges
*ORIENTATION, NAME=ORI_CONN_DOOR 0.,0.,1.,1.,0.,0.3,0
*ELEMENT, TYPE=CONN3D2, ELSET=CONN_DOOR_HINGE 620601,9000009,9000010620602,9000011,9000012
*CONNECTOR SECTION, ELSET=CONN_DOOR_HINGE HINGE
ORI_CONN_DOOR
Connector elements CONN_DOOR_HINGE
Keywords interface
Z Y
X
ORI_CONN_DOOR
Understanding Connector Local Directions
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.34
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
?Specify local orientations for the endpoints of the wires –ABAQUS/CAE interface.
?Connector section assignment is used to specify local orientations for the endpoints of the wires.?Example: Truck door hinges
Z Y
X
ORI_CONN_DOOR
Understanding Connector Local Directions
Rotational Degrees of Freedom at the
Nodes
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
L2.36 Rotational Degrees of Freedom at the Nodes
?Overview
?In geometrically nonlinear analyses, the element local directions
associated with the nodes rotate with the rotational degrees of
freedom at the nodes.
?In linear or perturbation analyses, the element local directions
remain fixed.
?In cases where an orientation definition is permitted for defining
connection directions (either required or optional), the connector
element will activate rotational degrees of freedom at the nodes if they
do not exist already.
?The only exception is JOIN (will be discussed later).
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
L2.37 Rotational Degrees of Freedom at the Nodes
?Example: The BEAM connection activates rotational degrees of freedom.
The solid elements do not provide rotational stiffness at these DOFs; the
connector does NOT transmit rotation into the solid.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
L2.38 Rotational Degrees of Freedom at the Nodes
?Other connections where an orientation definition is permitted activate
rotational degrees of freedom (e.g. BEAM, …):
?If local directions are used and either the element's nodes do not possess
rotational DOFs or if rotational constraints such as,
?Equations
?Multi-point constraints
?Boundary conditions
are not applied to the nodes, numerical singularities associated with
unconstrained degrees of freedom will exist.
?Solutions:
?Attach the connector element to a structural element.
?Add rotational boundary conditions.
?Use coupling constraints (Recommended)
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.39
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Rotational Degrees of Freedom at the Nodes
?JOIN connection does NOT activate rotational degrees of freedom
?This allows the user to define a join constraint between two solids expressed only in terms of translations.
?Example 1: Two deformable solids connected by the JOIN connection type rotate under certain loading and boundary conditions.
?Orientation at node a does not rotate with the rotation of the
deformable body since the solid element does not have rotational DOFs actived.
Deformable
1
2
X
Y Z
JOIN
Deformable C3D8R
C3D8R
Deformable CLOAD
CLOAD
Deformable
12
JOIN
a
b
Note: The examples discussed here and the next two slides consider geometric nonlinearity.
Flexible Multibody Systems with ABAQUS
L2.40
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.
Rotational Degrees of Freedom at the Nodes
?Example 2: Make one solid in Example 1rigid.
?Orientation at node a rotates with the rotation of the rigid body since the rigid body has rotational DOFs.?Node b will move accordingly with node a .
12
X
Y Z
JOIN
Rigid C3D8R
C3D8R
Deformable CLOAD
CLOAD
1
2
J O I N Rigid
Deformable
RP
a b
(易错题精选)初中英语词汇辨析的单元汇编含答案解析
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Abaqus仿真分析操作说明 1.单位一致性(未列出参照国际单位) 长度：米(m) 力：牛(N) 质量：千克(kg) 时间：秒(s) 强度(压力)：帕(Pa) 能量：焦耳(J) 密度：千克/立方米(kg/m3) 加速度：米/平方秒(m/s2) 2.模型(part)的建立 首先用三维绘图软件(CAD、PROE、SOLIDEDGE、SOLIDWORKS等)将模型画好。 3.模型(part)导入ABAQUS软件 ①将模型另存为sat或stp(step)，示意图如下; 文件名最好存为英文字母。 ②模型另存为sat或stp(step)格式后，到“选项”进行设置，设置完成后将模型另存 好(存放位置自设，能找到就好)，示意图如下;
③打开已经安装好的ABAQUS 软件，选中左上角“文件→导入→部件” ，示意图如下; 双击
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(1) “属性”步完成材料的定义。具体参数设置见下图： 1．双击“创建材料” 2．自定义名称 3．自定义材料描述 4．在“通用”下双击“密度”进行参数设置 5．输入材料密度，单位kg/m 3。
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8．双击“创建截面”，“类别”和“类型”默认。 9．单击“继续”。 10．参数默认，单击“确定”。
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闲话不说，直接上链接 https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef16447348.html,/s/122MWa abaqus 6.13对操作系统的新要求： 自abaqus 6.13版本开始，将不再支持windows 的32位操作平台； 同时，也不再支持windows xp和 windows vista操作系统； 安装： 1. Run "Install Abagus Product & Licensing" 2. In SIMULIA FLEXnet License Server window select "Just install the license utilities" NOTE: If you already have SIMULIA FLEXnet License Server for ABAQUS 6.12-3 installed and running you can use it for 6.13-1 too 3. After finishing License Utilities setup copy files "ABAQUS.lic" and "ABAQUS.log" to
超详细Abaqus安装教程
超详细A b a q u s安装教 程 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
Abaqus2017 安装教程 将安装镜像加载至虚拟光驱 以管理员身份运行J:\1下的,保持默认点击下一步。 首先安装的是拓展产品文档，点击“下一步”，选择安装目标，并点击“下一步” 选择文档需要包含的部件，并点击“下一步” 提示程序安装信息足够，点击“安装” 提示SIMULIA 2017文档安装成功，点击“关闭”。 接着会自动弹出Abaqus Simulation Services,修改安装目标地址，并点击“下一步” 选择您需要的部件，并点击“下一步” 检测安装信息足够，点击“安装”， 提示安装成功够点击“关闭” 接来下会自动安装Abaqus Simulation Services CAA API，点击“下一步”， 选择您需要的安装的部件，点击下一步 安装完成后“关闭” 接下来是自动安装 Abaqus CAE 找到安装包里的_SolidSQUAD_文件夹，将里面的License文件复制到Abaqus安装目录里的SIMULIA文件夹里。然后打开License文件夹，改.lic许可证文件的计算机名，同时再新建一个.log日志文件。 粘贴到D:\SIMULIA 下 在License下新建一个文本文档，重命名为 用记事本打开 使用计算机名替换this_host 保存后退出。 以管理员方式打开，点击Config Services，按如下配置 点击Save Service。切换到Start/Stop/Reread选项卡，点击Stop Server，再点击Start Server。下面提示Server Start Successful则配置成功。关闭窗口。 回到Abaqus CAE的安装界面。 在License Server 1 中输入27011@DESKTOP-Q8CNNLR 注：DESKTOP- Q8CNNLR 是计算机的用户名。点击下一步。 点击下一步 修改目录，点击下一步 设置工作空间路径，建议选择较大的硬盘分区。点击“下一步” 信息确认无误开始安装。 点击Continue 提示Abaqus CAE安装完成，点击关闭。 下面是Tosca 2017的安装。根据需求选择安装。 根据需求选择接口 若安装按ANSA可选择路径，没有则直接下一步。 若没有安装Fluent ,取消勾选FLUENT 剩下步骤类似上面。最后点击安装。 最后是 Isight 2017的安装。步骤后之前相同，一直点下一步记忆可以了
boring 令人厌烦的
boring 令人厌烦的，乏味的，无聊的 tedious 乏味的，单调的，冗长的 flat 单调的，沉闷的 dull 乏味的，单调的 troublesome 令人烦恼的，讨厌的，麻烦的 tired 疲劳的，累的 bored 无聊的，无趣的，烦人的 exhausted 极其疲倦的 weary 疲劳的 bright 聪敏的，机灵的 apt 聪明的，反应敏捷的 intelligent 聪明的，有才智的 shrewd 机灵的，敏锐的，精明的（表示生意上的精明） ingenious （人，头脑）灵巧的 alert 警觉的，留神的 cute 聪明伶俐的，精明的 acute/cute acute 指的是视力，感觉的敏锐 dull 愚钝的，笨的 awkward 笨拙的，不灵巧的 absurd 荒谬的 ridiculous 可笑的，荒谬的 idiotic 白痴般的 blunt 率直的，直言不讳的 clumsy 笨拙的，粗陋的 happy 快乐的，幸福的 cheerful 欢乐的，高兴的 content 满意的，满足的 merry 欢乐的，愉快的，快乐的 pleasure 高兴，愉快，满足 enjoyment 享乐，快乐，乐趣 cheer 喝彩 applause 鼓掌，掌声 optimism 乐观，乐观主义 delight 快乐，高兴 kick 极大的乐趣 paradise 天堂，乐园 instant 立即的，即刻的 instantaneous 瞬间的，即刻的 immediate 立即的，即刻的 simultaneous 同时发生的，同时存在的，同步的punctual 严守时刻的，准时的，正点的 pick 挑选，选择 select 选择，挑选 single 选出，挑出 elect 选举，推举 vote 投票，选举 appoint 任命，委派 nominate 提名，任命 propose 提名，推荐 recommend 推荐，举荐 designate 指派，委任 delegate 委派（或选举）…为代表 install(l) 使就职，任命 ballot 使投票表决 dub 把…称为 choice 选择（权） option 选择 selection 选择，挑选 alternative 取舍，供选择的东西 favorite 特别喜爱的人（或物） inclination 爱好 preference 喜爱，偏爱，优先 observe 注意到，察觉到 perceive 认识到，意识到，理解 detect 察觉，发现 appreciate （充分）意识到，领会，体会 alert 使认识到，使意识到 awake 意识到，醒，觉醒 scent 察觉 ancient 古代的，古老的 primitive 原始的 preliminary 预备的，初步的 preliminary trial初审 primary 最初的，初级的 initial 开始的，最初的 original 起初的 former 在前的，以前的 previous 先，前 prior 在前的，优先的 beforehand 预先，事先 medieval 中世纪的，中古（时代）的preceding 在先的，在前的，前面的 senior 资格较老的，地位较高的 following 接着的，下述的 attendant 伴随的 subsequent 随后的，后来的 succeeding 以后的，随后的 consequent 作为结果（或后果）的，随之发生的 resultant 作为结果的，因而发生的therefore 因此，所以 consequently 所以，因此 then 那么，因而 thus 因此，从而 hence 因此，所以 accordingly 因此，所以，于是 thereby 因此，从而
boring 和bored的区别
不能片面说人做主语用ed，物做主语ing ing形式是修饰引起这种感觉的人或物；ed形式是描写人或物的感受。（当然物一般是动物） 翻译的话 ing形式的词译为“令人……的”；ed形式译为“……的” boring是令人感到厌烦的；bored是厌烦的。 a boring person 能够指一个了无情趣的人，让人觉得无趣的人 a bored person 则是说这个人自己感到很无趣 1.bore 1）vt.使厌烦；挖 e.g. I'm bored with this job. 这件工作厌烦了。 The oldier bore the sharp pain in the wound with great courage. 这士兵以巨大的勇气忍受着伤口的剧烈疼痛。 2）n.令人讨厌的人（或事） e.g. It's a bore having to go out again. 外出真是讨厌。 boredom n.厌倦，无趣 e.g. in infinite boredom 极其无趣 boring n. 钻(孔) adj. 令人厌烦的(事或物） e.g. The play was boring. 这部短剧很一点意思都没有。 bored adj. 无聊的, 无趣的, 烦人的 e.g. Jack is so bored. 杰克是个没有趣的人。 2.surprising 是针对事或物感到惊奇。 surprised 则是针对人。 3.pleasant adj. 愉快的, 快乐的, 舒适的, 合意的可爱的, 举止文雅的, 活泼的滑稽的, 有趣的 (天气)晴朗的, 美好的容易相处的, 友爱的 e.g. a pleasant voice 悦耳的声音 a pleasant companion 可爱的伴侣 a pleasant time 愉快地度过时光 pleasing adj. 舒适的, 使人愉快的; 满意的; 惹人喜欢的, 可爱的 e.g. a pleasing look 使人愉快的神情 a very well mannered and pleasing young man 彬彬有礼而令人喜爱的年轻人
abaqus安装方法详解
***防火墙英文存放位置及安装路径，系统组件…… 第一部分Abaqus的安装问题（不含子程序） 1）用虚拟光驱加载DVD2，安装Document，直接运行根目录下的setup.exe 即可，安装过程比较简单。 (完成1后不要急着安装啊！因为你需要做一些事情来使得你的电脑可以破解abaqus。做什么呢！需要做两项，分别是： 1.1.设置一个环境变量，变量名为：LM_LICENSE_FILE；变量值为：27011@127.0.0.1。 这个时候有人会问，这是咋回事啊！因该是27011@自己的电脑名称。 我要告诉你这个127.0.0.1就是指你的电脑。所以不用再写你的电脑名字了，要是万一你的电脑名字是汉语的，那么还不好使呢！ 这个步骤的目的在于在你的电脑里面建立了一个解码系统，可以明目张胆地使用abaqus。 1.2.修改abaqus安装盘中SHooTERS文件夹中的abaqus69.dat，打开它，将“this_host”修改为127.0.0.1。保存。) 根据个人安装经验，上述方法有时可能会失效，自己调整如下。 因为我下载的版本的license文件第一行为：SERVER THIS_host ID=20111111 27011 而不是SERVER THIS_host ID=20111111 27003 第4步：变量名LM_LICENSE_FILE，值为27011@hostname （hostname为你的计算机名字） 第8步：27003@hostname 更改为27011@hostname （hostname为你的计算机名字） 2）设置环境变量：鼠标右键点击桌面“我的电脑”图标，通过路径“属性->高级->环境变量”，然后在系统变量栏新建一个环境变量，变量名LM_LICENSE_FILE，值为27011@hostname。（以前版本的为27003等现为27011，hostname为你的计算机名） 3）用虚拟光驱加载DVD1，先安装License，运行 X:\win86_32\license\Windows\Disk1\InstData\VM\install.exe。安装过程中可能需要输入你的计算机名，一般上一步环境变量设置好了就不用输入了，安装时选择“just install the licenseing utilities”。注意：如果你的计算机上还装有abaqus 的其他版本，6.10版本的license可能会与低版本的发生冲突，导致无法安装第7步的product，所以需要把其他版本的license停掉，这样就可以了；我是讲6.8完全卸载之后再安装的6.10。 (中间选择Abaqus web server，很快安装好后，最后得画面会出现一个URL，例如http:// hostname:2080/v6.9/。需要拷贝一下，或者抄写下来。)
ABAQUS 2017 2018汉化教程
ABAQUS 2017 2018第一次安装后软件不能启动解决办法！ 1.打开安装盘对应的以下路径：E:\Program Files\Dassault Systemes\SimulationServices\V6R2017x\win_b64\SMA\site（软件安装在什么盘下，路径中的E更改为对应的盘符）。 2.在Site文件夹下找到custom_v6.env文件，鼠标右键点击，打开方式选择写字板（修 改custom_v6.env文件前建议先复制一份备份）。 3.将打开的custom_v6.env文件中带色的部分删除并保存。（若修改后不能保存，可 将custom_v6.env文件复制到桌面进行修改保存，然后复制并覆盖E:\Program 下的源文件） 4.双击ABAQUS 2017图标，软件已正常运行。
ABAQUS 2017 2018汉化教程！ 1.打开安装盘对应的以下路径：E:\SIMULIA\CAE\2017\win_b64\SMA\Configuration（软 件安装在什么盘下，路径中的E更改为对应的盘符）。 2.在Configuration文件夹下找到locale.txt文件，将locale.txt文件复制到桌面，鼠标右 键点击，打开方式选择写字板（修改locale.txt文件前建议先复制一份备份）。 3.在“Chinese_People's Republic of China.936 = zh_CN Chinese (Simplified)_People's Republic of China.936 = zh_CN”下方插入一行Chinese (Simplified)_China.936 = zh_CN 如下图：
(易错题精选)初中英语词汇辨析的难题汇编及解析
一、选择题 1．Is this a photo of your son? He looks________ in the blue T-shirt. A．lovely B．quietly C．beautiful D．happily 2．—Jerry looks so tired. He works too hard. —He has to ________ a family of four on his own. A．offer B．support C．provide D．remain 3．— Mr. Wilson, can I ask you some questions about your speech? — Certainly, feel __________ to ask me. A．good B．patient C．free D．happy 4．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places. A．so B．or C．but D．for 5．— Can you tell us about our new teacher? —Oh, I’m sorry. I know________ about him because I haven’t seen him before. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 6．—Help yourselves! The drinks are ________ me. —Thank you. You’re always so generous. A．above B．in C．on D．over 7．Gina didn’t study medicine. ________, she decided to become an actor. A．Instead B．Again C．Anyway D．Also 8．—Have you got Kathy’s________ for her concert? —Yes, I’d like to go and enjoy it. A．interview B．information C．invitation D．introduction 9．More and more people have realized that clear waters and green mountains are as ________ as mountain of gold and silver. A．central B．harmful C．valuable D．careful 10．Kangkang usually does her homework ________ it is very late at night. A．until B．when C．before D．after 11．He ________all the “No Smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette. A．requested B．attacked C．protected D．ignored 12．一Where is Mr. Brown? 一I think he's _____________ the music hall. A．on B．in C．over D．from 13．— Is your home close to the school, Tom? — No, it's a long way, but I am________ late for school because I get up early daily. A．always B．usually C．never D．sometimes 14．—Mum, I don’t want the trousers. They’re too long.
ABAQUS初学者使用算例复习进程
ABAQUS/CAE实例教程 我们将通过ABAQUS/CAE完成上图的建模及分析过程。 首先我们创建几何体 一、创建基本特征： 1、首先运行ABAQUS/CAE，在出现的对话框内 选择Create Model Database。 2、从Module列表中选择Part，进入Part模块 3、选择Part→Create来创建一个新的部件。在 提示区域会出现这样一个信息。 4、CAE弹出一个如右图的对话框。将这个部件 命名为Hinge-hole，确认Modeling Space、Type和Base Feature的选项如右图。 5、输入200作为Approximate size的值。点击 Continue。ABAQUS/CAE初始化草图，并显示格子。 ６、在工具栏选择Create Lines: Rectangle(4 Lines) ，在提示栏出现如下的提示后，输入（20,20）和 （-20,-20），然后点击３键鼠标的中键（或滚珠）。 ７、在提示框点击OK按钮。CAE弹出 Edit Basic Extrusion对话框。 ８、输入40作为Depth的数值，点击 OK按钮。 二、在基本特征上加个轮缘 １、在主菜单上选择Shape→Solid→Extrude。 ２、选择六面体的前表面，点击左键。 ３、选择如下图所示的边，点击左键。
４、如右上图那样利用图标创建三条线段。 ５、在工具栏中选择Create Arc: Center and 2 Endpoints ６、移动鼠标到(40,0.0)，圆心，点击左键，然后将鼠标移到(40,20)再次点击鼠标左键，从已画好区域的外面将鼠标移到(40,20)，这时你可以看到在这两个点之间出现一个半圆，点击左键完成这个半圆。 ７、在工具栏选择Create Circle: Center and Perimeter ８、将鼠标移动到(40,0.0)点击左键，然后将鼠标移动到(50,0.0)点击左键。 ９、从主菜单选择Add→Dimension→Radial，为刚完成的圆标注尺寸。 10、选择工具栏的Edit Dimension Value图标 11、选择圆的尺寸(10)点击左键，在提示栏输入12，按回车。再次点击Edit Dimension Value，退出该操作。 12、点击提示栏上的Done按钮。 13、在CAE弹出的Edit Extrusion对话框内输入20作为深度的值。CAE以一个箭头表示拉伸的方向，点击Clip可改变这个方向。点击OK，完成操作。 三、创建润滑孔 １、进入Sketch模块，从主菜单选择Sketch→Create， 命名为Hole，设置200为Approximate Size的值，点击Continue。 ２、创建一个圆心在(0,0)，半径为3圆，然后点击 Done，完成这一步骤。 ３、回到Part模块，在Part下拉菜单中选择Hinge-hole。 ４、在主菜单中选择Tools→Datum，按右图所示选择对 话框内的选项，点击Apply。 ５、选择轮缘上的一条边，见下图，参数的值是从0到１， 如果，箭头和图中所示一样就输入0.25，敲回车，否则就输入 0.75。ABAQUS/CAE在这条边的1/4处上创建一个点。 ６、创建一个基线，在Create Datum对话框内选择Axis，
【英语】英语形容词常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析
【英语】英语形容词常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析 一、初中英语形容词 1．My deskmate is really _____．She likes to attend different activities after school． A. active B. quiet C. lazy D. honest 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】我的同桌同学非常活跃，放学后喜欢参加很多不同的活动． 句中提到"She likes to attend different activities after school"放学后喜欢参加很多不同的活动，由此推测此人非常活跃，A积极的，活跃的；B安静的；C懒惰的，D诚实的，根据句意可知选择A． 2．Wang Wei speaks English as ________ as Yang Lan. They both study English hard. A. good B. well C. better D. best 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：王伟的英语讲的和杨澜的一样好。他们学习英语都努力。可知as…as中间用形容词或副词原级；此处是副词修饰动词speak。good好的，形容词原形；well好地，副词原形，better比较级；best最高级，故选B。 【点评】此题考查形容词原级。注意as...as中间跟形容词或副词原级。 3．—If there are ________ people driving, there will be ________ air pollution. —Yes, and the air will be fresher. A. less; less B. less; fewer C. fewer; fewer D. fewer; less 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——如果开车的人越少，空气污染越少。——是的，空气将会更新鲜。little少的，形容词，其比较级是less，修饰不可数名词，few几乎没有，形容词，其比较级是fewer，更少，修饰可数名词，people，可数名词，用fewer修饰，air pollution，空气污染，不可数名词，用less修饰，故选D。 【点评】考查形容词的辨析。注意less和fewer意思和用法。 4．—Guess what? The university has accepted my application! —Wow! That's ________ new I've heard this year, Boris! Let's celebrate. A. a worse B. the worst C. a better D. the best 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：——猜猜什么？那所大学已经接受我的申请了。——哇喔，那是今年我听到的最好的消息，Boris，让我们庆祝一下。A.一个更糟的，比较级；B.最糟的，最高级；C.一个更好的，比较级；D.最好的，最高级。因为大学接受申请了，所以是好消息，排除A、B。根据 I've heard this year，今年我听到的，可知是最高级，故选D。 【点评】考查形容词辨析，注意平时识记最高级结构，理解句意。
(易错题精选)初中英语词汇辨析的知识点训练附答案(1)
一、选择题 1．He wrote his phone number ________ a piece paper. A．on B．for C．in D．from 2．Many people think Erquan rngyue is too sad, _____________ it's my favorite. A．and B．so C．or D．but 3．That path ________ directly to my house.You won't miss it. A．leads B．forms C．repairs D．controls 4．Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ________ plants can spread to new places. A．so B．or C．but D．for 5．When I as well as my cousins __________ as a volunteer in Beijing, I saw the Water Cube twice. A．were treated B．treated C．was served D．served 6．—The 30 firefighters’ brave action ________ their lives in the forest fire on March30, 2019.—The people of Muli County will never forget them. A．took B．cost C．save D．solve 7．Gina didn’t study medicine. ________, she deci ded to become an actor. A．Instead B．Again C．Anyway D．Also 8．—Have you got Kathy’s________ for her concert? —Yes, I’d like to go and enjoy it. A．interview B．information C．invitation D．introduction 9．We should learn_______ each other. A．to B．from C．for D．of 10．World Book Day takes place ________ April 23rd every year. A．at B．in C．on 11．Kangkang gets up early every day and he is ________ late for school. A．sometimes B．often C．never D．usually 12．It’s ________ of the soldiers to rush into the fire to save peo ple. A．stupid B．proud C．honest D．brave 13．—Do you know what the meeting is about? —Yes, of course. It will ________ some important rules we need to know about our new senior high school. A．talk B．achieve C．memorize D．cover 14．Mary doesn’t like hamburgers________meat. She doesn’t want to be fat. A．or B．and C．but 15．I’d like to________the mall because it’s crowded and noisy. A．visit B．hang out C．walk D．go off
abaqus实例详细过程(铰链)
算例二铰链 一、创建部件 1、进入部件模块。。点击创建部件。 命名为Hinge-part，其他的选项选择如右下图所示。点击 “继续”，进入绘图区。 2、点击，在绘图区绘一个矩形。再点击，将尺寸改为 0.04*0.04。单击鼠标中键。 3、在弹出的对话框中输入0.04作为拉伸深度。点击”确定”。 4、点击创建拉伸实体，点击六面体的一个面，以及右侧的边。进入到绘图区域。 5、如下图那样利用创建三条线段。利用将两条横线都改为0.02mm长。 6、选择，做出半圆。 7、点击，以半圆的圆心为圆心，做圆。 8、点击为圆标注尺寸。输入新尺寸0.01。 9、在弹出的对话框里输入拉伸深度为0.02，拉伸方向：翻转。点击“确定”。 10、在模型树的部件里，选择圆孔部件。右击，编辑。将内孔直径改为0.012.。确定。
创建润滑孔 1、进入草图模块。创建名为hole的草图。如右图所示。单击“继续”。 2、单击做一个直径为0.012的圆。单击鼠标中键。进入部件模块。 3、选择主菜单栏的工具→基准。对话框选择格式如下图所示。 选择半圆形边。参数设为0.25。。单击中键，点就建好了。软件提示选择一个轴。那么，我们就创建一个基准轴。如上图右侧所示。选择刚刚建好的那一点以及圆孔的中心，过这两点创建一个轴。再在基准处点击如下图所示，选择刚刚建好的点和轴，那么面也就建好了。
4、点击，视图左下角的显示区显示，选择上一步中创建的基准面，再选一个边。如图所示。进入绘图区。 6、导入之前绘制的小润滑孔hole。利用将孔移植所需位置。单击中键。选择正确的翻 转方向。对话框按右下图设置。确定。 7、将部件的名称改成hinge-hole，并复制一个命名为hinge-solid。 将hinge-solid的模型树张开，删除其下的特征，即该部件不带孔。 8、创建第三个部件：刚体销。 点击创建部件按钮，命名为pin，解析刚体，旋转壳。具体见下图所示。单击“继 续”，在出现的旋转轴右侧画一条垂直向下的直线。用将该直线的长度改为0.06，与旋转轴的距离为0.012，点击确定，界面出现旋转之后的销。
ABAQUS安装及汉化方法
统：Windows 7（32位系统）ABAQUS版本：6.9.3（DVD1为安装文件2.4G，DVD2为帮助文件1.8G）准备工作：1.由于安装文件为DVD格式，可下载并安装软件daemon_tools （DTLite4356-0091），直接打开DVD1,2 2.将License.dat用记事本打开，this_host改为本机系统：Windows 7（32位系统） 准备工作： 1.由于安装文件为DVD格式，可下载并安装软件daemon_tools （DTLite4356-0091），直接打开DVD1,2 2.将License.dat用记事本打开，this_host改为本机计算名（计算机属性，在“计算机名称、域或工作组设置”一栏找到“计算机全名”），27007不用改动 3.安装Microsoft Visual C++支持： 运行DVD1\win86_32\ 注：64位的机器请运行F:\ABAQUS6.9\win86_64文件夹下相应程序。 如果Microsoft Visual C++没有提前安装的话后边License会给以提示。 安装流程： 第一步：安装License 运行DVD1\ setup.exe \ （重要步骤）【右击install.exe—属性--兼容性—勾选“以兼容模式运行这个程序”—选择windows XP (service Pack 3)】。 选择License，一路Next直到出现需要输入HOSTNAME时，输入计算机全名，若已自动输入则Next，接着选择授权文件的安装类型，此处选择Just install the licensing utilities。 然后当有选择安装路径时自己选择想要的安装路径，然后Next直至完成。 安装完后将准备工作共的License.dat文件复制到安装盘（假定为C盘）C:\SIMULIA\License 目录。运行license utilities, 在config service中，service name: abaqus flexlm license server; 在“Path to the lmgrd.exe file”一栏中，选择指向“C:\SIMULIA\License\lmgrd.exe”在“Path to the license file”一栏中，选择指向“C:\SIMULIA\License\ABAQUS68_SUMMEREDITION.DA T”（第一步更改后的dat文件）在“Path to the debug log file”一栏中，选择指向“abaqus.log”（abaqus.log文件可以自己创建）Save service, 再start license。注意左下角出现start service successful. 第二步：安装product 兼容模式运行\ABAQUS6.9\win86_32\product\Windows\Disk1\InstData\VM\install.exe也可以在第一步的基础上选择product。 在需要输入Lisence server 1（REQUIRED）时，输入（27007@hostname），Server 2和Server 3可以不输入。 Next直至安装完成。 启动Abaqus CAE，先后看到命令提示符窗口和图形界面窗口，至此安装成功。 第三步：安装帮助文档 运行DVD2\ setup.exe \根据提示操作，在提示输入hostname/IP address时输入完整的计算机名称 然后当有选择安装路径时自己选择想要的安装路径，然后Next直至完成。 安装时license是关键，计算机名也很重要。 原文作者：houniao（转帖请注明作者）