计算机专业英语大作业

网址一：https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef19030095.html,/hub/save-computer-from-Hackers

网址二：https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef19030095.html,/hub/What-is-Phishing

姓名：**

学号：************

分校：通州

（一）原文

1.

What is Computer Hacking?

Computer hacking is a malicious act, so it is important for your computer and data to protect from Hacking. Computer Hacking refers to the process of making malicious modifications to a software or hardware to accomplish an aim outside the original creator's objective. Hackers are usually expert programmers who usually see hacking as a real life application of their skills.

Hacking has become a nuisance in recent times and the protection from hacking has become more complex. Infact, the hackers have become so good that even the software giants are feeling a headache. Nintendo recently reported a loss of $975 million due to privacy and Microsoft has lost an estimated $900 million in five years.

Well, the Giants are not the only targets of these hackers, even common individuals are not safe. The dangers range from little thefts to sponsored terrorism. These include stealing personal information and spying your activities. They can get to your secrets and destroy your credit. The dangers are possibly endless.

How to protect from Hacking

Prevention is Better Than Cure. The problem of computer hacking has become really serious. But there are some basic methods which are usually the best to guarantee a Hacker-free system. Here, I am going to introduce some basic tips to save your computer and data from hackers.

Using Antivirus Software

Antivirus software are one of the basic tools for your data and computer to protect from hacking. Antivirus software act as a protecting net that catches any potential threat before it reaches your system. They can prevent unauthorized access to your computer, protects your system from viruses and cloaks your data ports from intruders searching for any opening. The dangers range from little thefts to sponsored terrorism. These include stealing personal information and spying your activities.

Nowadays anti virus software are completely automated. Go for the best when choosing anti virus software and make sure that you scan your system for viruses atleast once a week. Norton antivirus from Symantecis one of the leading products in the industry. Avastis another great antivirus tool to protect from hacking.

Using Firewall

What is a Firewall?

A firewall is a set of programs located at the network gateway server which protects a private network from unauthorized access from other networks. The term firewall is originally referred to a wall intended to confine a fire.

A firewall protects your computer from offensive websites and potential hackers. It keeps your data and information safe from unwanted intruders. Firewalls are designed to prevent unauthorized access to your network, much like a locked door.Thus firewall is a vital tool for your strategy against hackers so don't forget to set up one for your system. Microsoft has a built-in firewall software but you can also try the Symantec firewall.

Using Anti Spyware Software

What is a Spyware?

A spyware is a self installing software which secretly gathers information about a person's computing activities such as surfing habits and viewed sites. Spywares are truly a hacker's tool, not only collecting personal information but also interfering with user control by installing additional software and redirecting web browsers.

Anti spyware software are designed to save your computer from hackers. They not only protect your computer by detection and removal of spywares but also preventing automatic installation of these malicious programs. Spysweeperis a great anti spyware software to guarantee a spyware free computer.

Email Security

Email is one of the leading hacker's tools. Hackers use emails to transmit malicious software to your computer. Emails are usually very cheap which gives the hackers loads of opportunities. One of the basic tips to prevent hacking is to be extra careful with emails. The most important tip is that you should never hand out your real email address to a stranger. Never open an email arriving from an unknown source and never try to open an attachment with an email if you don't know the sender. Aviraantivirus is a useful tool to filter your emails for potential threats as well as provide premium protection for your computer.

Software updates

Hackers are always searching for security gaps in your system. Anti virus and anti spyware software usually lose their effectiveness with time as new and more advanced malicious programs are created by hackers.

Its important to go for the latest security software in the market to guarantee

maximum security from threats. Make sure you frequently check out for software updates or set your software to update automatically.

Internet Security

Being extra careful while surfing is the best way to protect your computer from hackers. Simple precautions can mean the difference between a secure and vulnerable system. A great way to save yourself from hackers is to avoid visiting hacker controlled sites usually committed to porn, free downloads and online gaming. Also be extra careful while downloading something from an unknown source. Never ignore a security warning about a site. Its better to be safe than sorry.

Educate Yourself

When working for an offensive against hackers, the most important step is to educate yourself. Hacking is a dynamic topic with developments arising every moment. Hackers are intelligent and innovative and you should be prepared for it.

Computers are vulnerable. No matter what you do, its impossible to be 100% save. Important data like personal detail and credit card information should never be saved directly on a computer. A password protector is a great way to protect this data.

Another great way to secure your computer is to use a password on your computer. Well, it can't really save you if your computer gets stolen (in case of a laptop) but can save you from unauthorized people who can reach to your computer.

Windows update

Microsoft Windows is the best OS which comes with almost all the tools to protect you and your computer from hacking. To make the most of this, it is important to keep your windows updated. An easy way to do this is by checking for updates at Microsoft Windows Update. You can also set your windows security software to check for updates automatically so you don't miss anything. ...

2. What is a Phishing Attack?

Identity theft has become the new white collar crime and it has grown tremendously. Criminals that steal identities use them in a number of ways. One of the most common tricks is to use a stolen identity to open a line of credit. The line of credit is then depleted by the thief and the actual person receives the bill. Identities are also stolen for malicious intent, such as stealing a military officer’s email credentials in hopes of carrying out fictitious orders to troops.

Phishing is a relatively new term to describe ploys used by criminals trying to steal identities. Phishing scams are on the rise:

"During 2004, close to 2 million U. S. citizens had their checking accounts raided by cyber-criminals. With the average reported loss per incident estimated at $1200, total losses were close to $2 billion. The incidence of phishing e-mails―e-mails that

attempt to steal a consumer’s user name and password by imitating e-mail from a legitimate financial institution –has risen 4,000 percent over the past six months."

•What is Phishing Video

The term “phishing” is based on the term “fishing”. With fishing you bait a hook and try to catch fish. If you do not receive a bite, you often change the type of bait until you start catching fish. With phishing, the bait is typically an email that appears legitimate. The email typically asks for a bank customer to validate their information, however, the email redirects the customer to a fictitious bank site made to look like the legitimate bank site (James, 2005). The criminals hope the customer will not notice the redirected bank site is fictitious and that they will validate their account information. There are numerous phishing emails used as bait and criminals hope the more bait they use, the greater chances someone will fall for the scam.

The key to preventing identity theft is awareness. Financial institutions typically do not ask for account information validation. Any emails that ask for account validation or social security numbers, should be validated. The link contained within the email can be checked for legitimacy. These links often go to bogus sites that can easily be determined by the website link. For example, if you bank at https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef19030095.html, and you receive an email that has a link and takes you to https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef19030095.html,.customer.cz, this should raise suspicion. Phishing scams not only use email, but the telephone is also used. A typical scam involves a telephone call with someone impersonating your credit card company and asking you to validate your social security number, date of birth, etc. Credit card companies already have this information and do not need you to validate it. A simple line of defense is to ask the caller for the credit card company’s number and call them back。

Reference: James, L. (2005). Phishing exposed. Rockland, MA: Syngress Publishing.

（二）生词

1.loss 亏损

2.terrorism 恐怖主义

3.spying 间谍活动

4.destroy 摧毁

5.to guarantee 保障

6.potential 潜在的

7.intruders 入侵者

8.Firewall 防火墙

9.gateway server 网关服务器

10.collecting 搜集

11.interfering 妨碍

12.browsers 浏览器

13.Protection 保护

14.created by 由...创建

15.frequently 频繁的

16.updates 升级，更新

17.precautions 防御措施

18.difference 差异不同

19.vulnerable 易受攻击的

20.controlled 控制，约束

21.warning about 警告

22.developments 发展

23.save 补救

24.unauthorized 未经授权的

25.automatically 自动的

26.miss 错过

27.anything 任何事

28.Phishing Attack网络钓鱼

29.crime 犯罪

30.identities 身份

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef19030095.html,lion 百万

32.total losses 全部损失

33.financial institution 金融机构

34.account 账户

35.awareness 意识

36.impersonating 模仿

37.validate 验证

（三）句子

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef19030095.html,puter hacking is a malicious act, so it is important for your computer and data to protect from Hacking.翻译：计算机黑客是一种恶意行为，因此对你的计算机而言保护数据免受黑客进入是很重要的。（复合句）。

2. Infact, the hackers have become so good that even the software giants are feeling

a headache. Nintendo recently reported a loss of $975 million due to privacy and Microsoft has lost an estimated $900 million in five years.翻译：事实上，黑客变得这样好，甚至软件巨头都感到头痛。任天堂最近报道损失了975 万元，微软由于隐私被暴漏

五年之间失去了900 万美元。（复合句）.

3.The dangers range from little thefts to sponsored terrorism. These include stealing personal information and spying your activities.翻译：小盗窃来的危险范围为资助恐怖主义。其中包括窃取个人信息和间谍活动。（复合句）.

4.They can get to your secrets and destroy your credit.翻译：他们能得到你的密码，并摧毁你的信誉。（并列句）

5.The problem of computer hacking has become really serious. But there are some basic methods which are usually the best to guarantee a Hacker-free system翻译：电脑黑客问题已非常严重。但也有一些基本方法，这通常是最好的，以保证免受黑客攻击的系统。（并列句）

6.Here, I am going to introduce some basic tips to save your computer and data from hackers.翻译：在这里，我将介绍一些基本技巧，以保护您的计算机不被黑客窃取的数据。（简单句）

7.Antivirus software are one of the basic tools for your data and computer to protect from hacking.翻译：防病毒软件是您的数据和计算机防止黑客攻击的基本工具之一。（并列句）8.Anti spyware software are designed to save your computer from hackers. 翻译：反间谍软件是为了保护您的计算机免受黑客攻击。（简单句）

9.Hackers use emails to transmit malicious software to your computer.翻译：黑客利用电子邮件到您的计算机发送恶意软件。（简单句）

10.Hackers are always searching for security gaps in your system.翻译：黑客们一直在寻找您的系统安全漏洞。（简单句）

11.Being extra careful while surfing is the best way to protect your computer from hackers. Simple precautions can mean the difference between a secure and vulnerable system.翻译：在冲浪时格外小心的是最好的保护您的计算机免受黑客攻击。简单的预防措施可能意味着一个安全和易受攻击的系统之间的差异。（复合句）

12.You can also set your windows security software to check for updates automatically so you don't miss anything. ...翻译：您还可以设置您的windows 安全软件的自动检查更新所以你不要错过任何东西。...(并列句）

13. Identity theft has become the new white collar crime and it has grown tremendously.翻译：身分偷窃成为了新的白领罪行，并且它在巨大地增长。（并列句）

14.Phishing is a relatively new term to describe ploys used by criminals trying to steal identities.翻译：网络钓鱼是一个相对较新的形容犯罪分子试图盗窃身份所使用的一个名称。（简单句）

15.close to 2 million U. S. citizens had their checking accounts raided by

cyber-criminals. With the average reported loss per incident estimated at $1200, total

losses were close to $2 billion.翻译：近2百万个美国公民的支票帐户通过网络犯罪被偷袭。平均每个事件的损失估计在$1200，总损失接近于$2十亿。（复合句）

16. The term “phishing” is based on the term “fishing”.翻译"网络钓鱼"一词基于"钓鱼"一词。（简单句）

17.The key to preventing identity theft is awareness.翻译：防止身份信息窃取的关键是提高认识。（简单句）

18.A typical scam involves a telephone call with someone impersonating your credit card company and asking you to validate your social security number, date of birth, etc.翻译：典型的诈骗案涉及一个电话有人冒充您的信用卡公司，并要求您验证您的出生的社会保障号、日期、等。（并列句）

（四）翻译全文

1. 什么是电脑黑客？

计算机黑客是一种恶意行为，因此对你的计算机而言保护数据免受黑客进入是很重要的。计算机黑客进入指的是制作软件或硬件，以完成原始创建者的目的以外的目的恶意修改的过程黑客是通常专家程序员通常看到黑客作为现实生活应用他们的技能。

黑客技术已在最近一段时期成为滋扰和从黑客保护已变得更加复杂。事实上，黑客变得这样厉害，甚至令软件巨头也感到头疼。任天堂最近报道损失975 万元，微软由于隐私被暴漏五年之间失去了900 万美元。

那么，巨人是不是这些黑客的唯一目标，即使是普通个人也并不安全。危险范围小盗窃赞助的恐怖主义。这些措施包括窃取个人信息和刺探你的活动。他们能得到你的秘密，并摧毁你的信誉。这样的危险可能是无止境的。

如何保护免受黑客进入

预防胜于治疗。电脑黑客已经成为非常严重的问题。但也有一些基本方法，这通常是最好的，以保证黑客免费的系统。在这里，我将介绍一些基本技巧，以节省您的计算机和黑客窃取的数据。

使用防病毒软件

防病毒软件是您的数据和计算机防止黑客攻击的基本工具之一。防病毒软件作为保护网，以达到您的系统之前捕捉任何潜在的威胁。他们可以防止未经授权的访问到您的计算机、保护您的系统免受病毒和遮盖的入侵者寻找任何开放数据端口。小盗窃来的危险范围为资助恐怖主义。其中包括窃取个人信息和间谍活动。

如今反病毒软件是完全自动生成。去为计算机选择最佳防病毒软件时，确保您的系统至少每周扫描一次。诺顿防病毒从赛门铁克是业内的主导产品之一。Avast 是另一个大防病毒工具保护免受黑客攻击。

使用防火墙

什么是防火墙?

防火墙是一个位于保护来自其他网络的未经授权的访问的专用网络的网络网关服务器的程序设置。长期防火墙是原本打算只火墙上。

防火墙保护您的计算机免受访问不良网站和潜在的黑客。它使您的数据和信息免受有害的入侵者。防火墙，旨在防止未经授权的访问到您的网络，很像锁着的门。因此，防火墙是您免受黑客的攻击，所以别忘了要建立一个为您的系统的战略的重要工具。微软有一个内置的防火墙软件，但您也可以尝试赛门铁克防火墙。

使用反间谍软件

什么是间谍软件？

间谍软件是一个安装软件，暗中收集信息如冲浪习惯一个人的计算活动并浏览网站的自我。间谍软件是真正的黑客工具，不仅收集个人信息，而且也干扰通过安装额外的软件和重定向的 web 浏览器的用户控件。

反间谍软件是为了保护您的计算机免受黑客攻击。他们不仅保护您的计算机的检测和删除间谍软件，同时防止这些恶意程序自动安装。Spysweeper 是一个反间谍软件，保证免费间谍软件的计算机的伟大。

电子邮件安全

电子邮件是领先的黑客的工具之一。黑客利用电子邮件到您的计算机发送恶意软件。电子邮件通常很便宜，这就给黑客负载机会。防止黑客入侵的基本技巧之一，要格外小心用电子邮件。最重要的秘诀是，你应该永远不会失控真实的电子邮件地址，一个陌生人。切勿打开到达来源不明的电子邮件，并从未尝试打开电子邮件附件，如果你不知道发件人。Avira的防毒是一个有用的工具来过滤潜在的威胁您的电子邮件，以及为您的计算机提供优质保护。

软件更新

黑客们一直在寻找您的系统安全漏洞。反病毒和反间谍软件通常会随着时间的推移失去其有效性，为新的和更先进的的恶意程序被黑客创建。

重要的是在市场上的最新的安全软件，保证最大的安全威胁。确保你经常检查软件更新或自动更新您的软件。

互联网安全

在冲浪时格外小心是最好的保护您的计算机免受黑客攻击。简单的预防措施可能意味着一个安全和易受攻击的系统之间的差异。保存自己免受黑客攻击的好方法是避免访问控制的黑客网站通常致力于色情、免费下载和在线游戏。此外从未知来源下载东西时要格外小心。永远不能忽视有关站点的安全警告。其更好地只怕万一。

教育自己

对黑客的进攻时，最重要的一步是要教育自己。黑客是与发展所产生的每一个瞬间的动态主题。黑客智能和创新，你应该为它准备。

计算机是脆弱的。无论你做什么，其根本不可能做到100％保存。详细个人和信用卡信息等重要数据不应该直接保存在电脑上。密码保护是一个伟大的方式来保护这些数据。

另一个伟大的方式来保护您的计算机使用您的计算机上的密码。那么，它不能真正挽救你，如果你的电脑被盗（一台笔记本电脑的情况下），但可以节省你从未经授权的人可以达到您的计算机。

Windows 更新

微软视窗是带有保护您和您的计算机免受黑客的几乎所有工具的最佳操作系统。若要使此最大，务必保持 windows 更新。要执行此操作的简单方法是通过检查 Microsoft Windows 更新的更新。您还可以设置您的 windows 安全软件的自动检查更新所以你不要错过任何东西。...

2. 什么是网络钓鱼

身分偷窃成为了新的白领罪行，并且它在巨大地增长。窃取身分的罪犯以多种方式使用它们。其中一个最常见的伎俩是使用一个被窃取的身分打开信贷额度。然后信贷额度由窃贼耗尽，并且实际人接受票据。身分为恶意意向也被窃取，例如窃取一位军官的电子邮件证件希望对队伍执行虚拟命令。

网络钓鱼是一个相对较新的形容犯罪分子试图盗窃身份所使用的一个名称。网络钓鱼诈欺有上涨的趋势：

在2004年期间，“近2百万个美国公民的支票帐户通过网络犯罪被偷袭。平均每个事件的损失估计在$1200，总损失接近于$2十亿。网络钓鱼试图由从合法的财政机关的仿效电子邮件窃取消费者的用户名和密码网络钓鱼电子邮件的发生在过去六个月上升了4,000%”。(詹姆斯2005年，页。2)

什么是网络钓鱼视频

"网络钓鱼"一词基于"钓鱼"一词。你用钓鱼饵和钩抓鱼。如果你没有收到鱼咬钩，经常改变你的诱饵类型直到你开始钓到鱼。网络钓鱼、饵通常是看似合法的电子邮件。电子邮件通常要求银行客户验证它们的信息，但是，电子邮件重新发送给客户的虚假银行网站看上去是一个合法的银行网站（詹姆斯，2005年）。罪犯希望客户不会注意到重新发送的银行网点是虚拟的，他们将验证他们的帐户信息，也不会通知客户。有许多网络钓鱼电子邮件作为诱饵但是罪犯希望他们使用更多的诱饵，那更加大了有人相信这个骗局。

防止身份信息被窃取的关键是提高认识。金融机构通常不要求进行账户信息验证。应验证帐户验证或社会安全号码，要求的任何电子邮件。包含在电子邮件中的链接可以检查的合法性。这些链接经常去虚假网站，可以很容易由网站的链接。例如：如果你在银行

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef19030095.html,，并且您将收到一封电子邮件，并链接将您带到

https://www.360docs.net/doc/ef19030095.html,.customer.cz，这应该引起怀疑了。不仅可以使用电子邮件、网络钓鱼诈骗，但也使用电话。典型的诈骗案涉及一个电话有人冒充您的信用卡公司，并要求您验证您的出生的社会保障号、日期、等。信用卡公司已有此信息，并不需要您对其进行验证。一个简单的防线是问对方的信用卡公司的数量及回电。

参考：詹姆斯，L.（2005）。网络钓鱼。罗克兰，MA：Syngress出版。