初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案(含答案)
初中英语定语从句讲解与练习学案
一．定语从句的理解：
用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语：
a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red
如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。
I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red.（定语从句）
被修饰的词是_______________。这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是______________，称为关系词。关系词在从句中指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的成分，观察上句，关系词在从句中充当________________。
附：关系词与先行词的关系：
关系词和先行词密切相关，因为关系词用来指代先行词，并且在从句中充当一定的成分。
定语从句中常用的关系词有：
关系代词who / whom (先行词表示人) which (先行词表示物) that / whose (先行词表示人或物) 关系代词在从句中可充当主语，宾语或定语；
关系副词when (表示时间) where (表示地点) why (表示原因)
关系副词在从句中充当状语。
结论：关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二．按关系词种类学习
（一）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语。
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. (2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)
(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)
(3)Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？
(4)The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father．昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
注：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow ? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow ? 注：that 的用法
(1) 只能用that 而不用which 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, all
等作先行词时，只用that ，不用which 。
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop ？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
(b) 先行词有the only, the very, the last, just 修饰时，只用that 。
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy . 这正是我想买的字典。
(c) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that,不能用which 。.
(d) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
(e) 当主句以There be…结构开头时，或关系代词在there be…结构中作实义主语，先行词为物。
There is a seat in the corner that is still free . There are two books on history that are for you.
(f) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which 时。
Who is the girl that is crying ？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
Who that break the window should be punished. 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
(2) 不用that 的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
The necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday. 你送给我做礼物的项链昨天丢了。
（二）关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词：在句中作状语关系副词= 介词+关系代词
why= for which where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
[了解] 表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that。By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.
到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。
I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。
Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。
3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when ,where 和why 互换。
(1) This is the house where/ in which I lived two years ago.
(2) From the year when/in which he went to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
）关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。
如：The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3.
我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。
（2）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
如：This is the house (that/ which )we lived in last year.
= This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me the person (who/ whom) you borrowed the English novel from.
= Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
三、跟踪练习
（一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每组两个简单句合成一个复合句。
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
2. The old man is a professor. He will give us a talk tomorrow.
3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.
8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me the book last week.
9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.
（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
11. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers.
12. Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
13. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come.
14. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.
15. We’ll go to hear the famous singe r _______ we have often talked.
16. The season_________ comes after spring is summer.
17. I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country.
18. I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in.
19. I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school.
20. The time _______ we got together finally arrived.
21. Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.
22. The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
23. Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane.
24. The school ______ he once studied is very famous.
25. He succeeded in the competition(比赛), _____ made his parents very happy.
（三）单项填空
基础选择
1. —Who is the man ______ was talking to our English teacher? —Oh! It’s Mr. Baker, our math teacher.
A. he
B. that
C. whom
D. which
2. I hate the people ______ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who
B. which
C. they
D. where
3. The foreigner _______ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which
B. when
C. who
D. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who
B. whom
C. he
D. which
5. This is the place _______I have ever visited.
A. there
B. when
C. where
D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that
B. which
C. why
D. when
7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. why
8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who
B. that
C. whose
D. which
11. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which
B. that
C. whose
D. where
12. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
13. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
14. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. when
15. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who
B. where
C. what
D. that
16. —Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?
—He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom
B. who
C. whose
D. which
17. I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose
B. whom
C. which
D. who
18. Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital?
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. whose
19. Is there a shop near here______ we can buy vegetables and fruits?
A. which
B. when
C. who
D. where
20. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. when
21.Is there anything ____ I can do for you?
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
22. That is the reason ____ he came to see you.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. for which
23. Some of the roads were flooded, ____ made our journey more difficult.
A. which
B. it
C. what
D. that
24. You are the only one ____ advice he might listen to.
A. who
B. that
C. whose
D. whatever
25. The man ________ coat is black is waiting at the gate.
A. who’s
B. whose
C. that
D. of which
拓展提高
1. The scientist the teacher is talking ______ is leaving for Beijing.
A. to him
B. whom
C. to
D. to that
2. ______ they could do was to work hard. A. All B. All what C. All which D. That
3. Pay attention to all ______ I do.
A. which
B. in which
C. what
D. that
4. The room ______ windows face south is his. A. that B. which C.whose D. who’s
5. The park, ___ we met with him, is very nice. A. where B. which C. that D. when
6. I’ve read all the books ______ you gave me. A. which B. them C. what D. that
7. The pen ______ I’m using ______ is hers. A. which; it B. that; it C. it; / D. /;/
8. I have the same trouble ______ you have. A. that B. which C. as D. what
9. It’s the very book ______ I want to find. A. which B. that C. it D. so
10. He is the only one of the boys who ______ English for four years.
A. has learnt
B. have learnt
C. learn
D. learning
11. This is one of the books ______ worth reading.
A. that is
B. which are
C. it was
D. they are been
12. He is the only one of the teachers ______ Spanish in our school.
A. who teaches
B. who teach
C. which teaches
D. that teach
13. This is the best film ______ been shown this year.
A. which has
B. which have
C. that has
D. that have
14. Oct. 1, 1949 was the day ______ the New China was founded(成立).
A. that
B. in which
C. when
D. where
15. The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which
B. in which
C. on which
D. by which
16. I’ve never seen such a lazy boy _______ you are. A. which B. who C. that D. as
17. There were many great leaders in history ______ Abraham Lincoln was the greatest one.
A. in which
B. in whom
C. of which
D. of whom
18. I bought a new dictionary, ______ is very beautiful.
A. whose the cover
B. of which cover
C. the cover of which
D. which cover
19. They have planted many trees, one third of _______ are pine trees.
A. them
B. whose
C. which
D. that
20. Shanghai, ______ I have visited twice, has a large population.
A. where
B. which
C. what
D. that
21. The students didn’t like the way ______ she was dressed.
A./
B. which
C. what
D. how
22. He used to do things in a way ______ did no harm to anybody.
A. /
B. what
C. in which
D. that
23. Is this the museum ______ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. the one
24. She is one of the few persons ______ Spanish in our school.
A. who knows
B. who know
C. which speak
D. that speaks
25. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. on which
2012年全国各地中考英语真题分类汇编——定语从句
1. —What do you think of the school uniforms? —Very good. I like clothes _____ make me feel comfortable.
A. that
B. what
C. who
2. Is there anything __________ to you?
A. that is belonged
B. that belongs
C. that belong
D. which belongs
3 . —Now many people smoke and get ill. —So we should do something ______ can help stop smoking.
A. what
B. who
C. /
D. that
4.I still remember the time_____ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.
A. when
B. what
C. who
D. which
5. One of the most delicious drinks ________ I like is orange juice.
A. which
B. that
C. whose
D. whom
6. —There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? —The one ______hat is yellow.
A. who
B. whose
C. that
D. which
7. We all like the story about the teacher _______ happened in our school last week.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. what
8. The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value.
A. whose
B. when
C. who
D. that
9. Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher gave her love to her students in danger.
A. who
B. that
C. whom
D. which
10. The little boy was wrapping the present _____ would be sent to his teacher.
A. who
B. /
C. what
D. that
11. Mr. Smith __________ is smoking is looking for________ she lost yesterday.
A. whom; which
B. who; what
C. that; who
D. which; where
12. Success will belong to those ________never say "impossible".
A. whom
B. what
C. who
D. which
13. —What are you looking for? —I'm looking for the ring ______my husband bought me last year.
A. that
B. who
C. whom
D. it
14. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. in that
15.Piano is a word_____ was originally borrowed from Italian. A. where B. who C. which D. whose
16. It’s interesting that there are many people speak French in Canada. A. which B. where C. who
17. —Do you enjoy My heart will go on? —No, I prefer songs loud.
A. that is
B. which is
C. that are
D. what are
18. I can never forget the stories______ my grandma told me. A. what B. who C. them D. that
19. This is the primary school ______ I studied three years ago. A. where B. when C. that D. which
20. Please pass me the cartoon book _______ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A. whom
B. whose
C. who
D. which
21.—What kind of movies do you like? —I like the movies ______ are about Chinese history.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose D which
22. Most students like the teachers understand them well
A. who
B. when
C. what
D. which
23. — What are you looking for ? — I’m looking for the pen________ my father gave me last week.
A. who
B. which C, whose D. whom
24. Steve Jobs is one of the persons founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (时
代).A. who B. whom C. which D. /
25. A Wechat (微信) is an invention ______ can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
A. which
B. who
C. whose D / 【2013 甘肃白银】
26. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village_________ his family lived ten years ago.
A. when
B. which
C. where
D. that 【2013山东德州】
27. I like the cartoon ______ has a happy ending and makes me ______.
A. which; to laugh
B. that; to laugh
C. whose; laughing
D. which; laugh 【2013梅州】
28.The old town has narrow（狭窄的）streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.
A. they
B. where
C. what
D. that 【2011山东卷】
29. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. what 【2012山东卷】
30.. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whom （2013山东高考）
参考答案：
（一）1. The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.
2. The old man who will give us a talk tomorrow is a professor.
3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.
4. The woman whom you were talking bout is here now.
5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.
6. The car just passed us was going 90 miles.
7. The man who waved to us was my uncle.
8. I enjoyed reading the book that you gave me last week.
9. The subject that I prefer is science.
10. I spoke to the man who is a professor.
（二）1. which/ that 2. who/ that 3. that/ which 4. who/ that 5. that
6. that
7. which
8. that/ which
9. where 10. when
11. which12. who 13. whom 14. which 15. about whom
16. which 17. whose18. whose19. when20. when
21. where22. where23. why24. where25. which