生态阈值研究进展

第27卷第1期2007年1月生态学报ACT A ECOLOGI CA SI N I CA Vol .27,No .1Jan .,2007

基金项目:国家“十五”重点科技攻关资助项目(20012BA611B 202203A )

收稿日期:2005211225;修订日期:2006207209

作者简介:赵慧霞(1978～),女,山东菏泽人,博士生,从事气候变化与区域响应研究.E 2mail:zhaohx .04b@igsnrr .ac .cn

3通讯作者Corres ponding author .E 2mail:wush@igsnrr .ac .cn

致谢:感谢美国密歇根大学Daniel B r own 教授对本文写作给予的帮助

Founda ti on ite m :The p r oject was financially supported by Nati onal Key Pr oject of Science and Technol ogy (No .20012BA611B 202203A )

Rece i ved da te:2005211225;Accepted da te:2006207209

B i ography:Zhao Huixia,Ph .D.candidate,mainly engaged in cli m ate change and regi onal res ponse .E 2mail:zhaohx .04b@igsnrr .ac .cn

生态阈值研究进展

赵慧霞1,2,吴绍洪1,3,姜鲁光1

(1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京　100101;2.中国科学院研究生院,北京　100039)

摘要:生态阈值是指生态系统从一种状态快速转变为另一种状态的某个点或一段区间,推动这种转变的动力来自某个或多个关键生态因子微弱的附加改变。生态阈值现象普遍存在于自然生态系统中。主要有两种类型:生态阈值点(ecol ogical threshold point )和生态阈值带(ecol ogical threshold zone )。在生态阈值点前后,生态系统的特性、功能或过程发生迅速的改变。生态阈值带暗含了生态系统从一种稳定状态到另一稳定状态逐渐转换的过程,而不像点型阈值那样发生突然的转变。后者在自然界中可能更为普遍。在自然资源保护和生态系统可持续管理中,生态阈值研究有着重要的理论和实践意义,受到生态学和相关学科的密切关注。其研究已经在森林、草原、湖泊、海洋等生态系统,从不同角度,针对不同生态因子广泛开展。由于生态因子相互作用的复杂性,有关生态阈值的性质及其在不同空间尺度上的联系仍然存在很大的不确定性。在未来的研究中必须加强综合和定量化研究,进一步提高应用生态阈值的能力。在全球变化和生态响应研究领域,生态阈值研究将会有更大的发展空间。关键词:生态阈值;研究进展;生态系统管理

文章编号:100020933(2007)0120338208　中图分类号:Q142,Q148　文献标识码:A

Rev i ew on recen t advances i n ecolog i ca l threshold research

Zhao Huixia 1,2,W u Shaohong 1,3,J iang Luguang 1

1Institute of Geographical Sciences and N atural Resources Research,Chinese Acade m y of Sciences,B eijing 100101,China

2Graduate School of Chinese Acade m y of Sciences,B eijing 100039,China

A cta Ecologica S in ica,2007,27(1):0338～0345.

Abstract:An ecological threshold refers t o a point or zone in the relati onshi p bet ween t wo or more ecol ogical variables at which relatively abrup t change occurs fro m one ecol ogical conditi on to another in an ecosystem.The i mpetus for this change comes fro m a s mall additi onal change in one or more key factors .Ecological thresholds are ubiquit ous in natural ecosystem s .There are t w o main types of ecological thresholds that can theoretically occur in natural system s,ecol ogical threshold point and ecological threshold zone .The attributes,function or p r ocess of an ecosystem will change abrup tly around the point 2ty pe threshold .Zone 2type ecol ogical thresholds i mp ly a more gradual shift or transiti on from one state to another,rather than an abrup t change at a s pecific point in ti me,as suggested in point 2ty pe threshold .Zone 2type ecol ogical thresholds are p r obably more common in nature than point 2type thresholds .Research on ecological thresholds has i mportant theoretical and p ractical meanings for natural res ources conservation and sustainable ecosystem management,which have been the highlights in ecology and related areas .A lot of research on ecol ogical threshold has been carried out in forest,grassland,lake and ocean ecosystem s for different ecological fact ors and from different points of view .There is still great uncertainty about the nature of ecol ogical thresholds and how they are related in different s patial scales .More synthetic and quantitative study is needed to i mp rove the ability of app lying knowledge of ecological thresholds in ecosystem management .Much p rogress and research will be made in the areas of gl obal change and ecological res ponses .