读者反应批评
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读 者 反 应 批 评 （ Reader-Response Criticism ） / 接 受 理 论 (Reception Theory) 或 接 受 美 学 （ Reception Aesthetics ）
2013-10
? M·H·艾布拉姆斯（M. H. Abrams）在《镜与灯》 （The Mirror and Lamp, 1953）中提出了著名的文学 批评四大要素的理论。 世界
作品
艺术家
欣赏者
பைடு நூலகம்
? 注重作品（文本）本身的批评是客观说 （objective approach），
? 注重艺术家（作者）的批评是表现说 （expressive approach），
? 注重世界（语境）的批评是模仿说（mimetic approach），
? 注重欣赏者（读者）的批评是实用说 （pragmatic approach）。
? Both the reader and the text share a transactional (相互作用的）experience . The text acts as a stimulus for eliciting various past experiences, thoughts and ideas from the reader. At the same time, the text SHAPES the reader's experiences, selecting, limiting, and ordering the ideas that best conform to the text.
? Through the transactional process the reader and the text produce a new creation or poem. The text is now defined as an EVENT (or Literary Experience) that takes place and is created during the process of reading and interpretation. A new poem or literary work is created each time a reader interacts with a text.
Historical Development
? RRC emerges as a form of literary analysis in the 1970s, and remains a powerful force in the academy. However, critics have long been interested in the relationship between readers and literary texts.
? 以作品（文本）为中心的批评流派：修辞学、 形式主义、神话-原型批评、新批评、结构主 义、后结构主义（解构批评）、符号学。
? 以作者为中心的批评流派：传记批评、心理分 析批评、现象学。
? 以世界（语境）为中心的批评流派：马克思主 义、女性主义、新历史主义、后殖民理论、文 化研究、生态批评、性属研究。
? 1. Plato and Aristotle-- The reader as Passive Agent. Looks at the effect of the literary work on the reader or audience.
? Rhetorical Criticism-- One of the earliest forms of language study and literary criticism. The study of how language (written and spoken) shapes or affects readers/audience. Looks at techniques for moving or persuading an audience or reader.
? 3. Textual Emphasis (New Criticism)-- The text reveals its own meaning. The emphasis on the objective nature of the text creates a passive reader who is not allowed to bring personal experiences or private emotions to bear on textual analysis. To do so is to create the affective fallacy.
? 4. Louise Rosenblatt (Literature as Exploration, 1937). One of the first theoretical works outlining a reader-oriented approach to the study and analysis of literature.
? 2. Romanticism (Wordsworth)-- Emphasis on the Author. The author is the locus of meaning and interpretation. The text is an extension or expression of the author's thoughts and feelings.
? 以读者为中心的批评流派：读者反应批评/接 受理论（接受美学）。
The central premise of all the schools within Reader-Criticism is this:
? The text does not and cannot interpret itself. To determine a text's meaning, one must become an active reader and a participant in the reading process. Reader-Response Criticism (RRC) uses various theoretical assumptions and methodologies to discover a text's meaning as it is created through interaction with the reader.
2013-10
? M·H·艾布拉姆斯（M. H. Abrams）在《镜与灯》 （The Mirror and Lamp, 1953）中提出了著名的文学 批评四大要素的理论。 世界
作品
艺术家
欣赏者
பைடு நூலகம்
? 注重作品（文本）本身的批评是客观说 （objective approach），
? 注重艺术家（作者）的批评是表现说 （expressive approach），
? 注重世界（语境）的批评是模仿说（mimetic approach），
? 注重欣赏者（读者）的批评是实用说 （pragmatic approach）。
? Both the reader and the text share a transactional (相互作用的）experience . The text acts as a stimulus for eliciting various past experiences, thoughts and ideas from the reader. At the same time, the text SHAPES the reader's experiences, selecting, limiting, and ordering the ideas that best conform to the text.
? Through the transactional process the reader and the text produce a new creation or poem. The text is now defined as an EVENT (or Literary Experience) that takes place and is created during the process of reading and interpretation. A new poem or literary work is created each time a reader interacts with a text.
Historical Development
? RRC emerges as a form of literary analysis in the 1970s, and remains a powerful force in the academy. However, critics have long been interested in the relationship between readers and literary texts.
? 以作品（文本）为中心的批评流派：修辞学、 形式主义、神话-原型批评、新批评、结构主 义、后结构主义（解构批评）、符号学。
? 以作者为中心的批评流派：传记批评、心理分 析批评、现象学。
? 以世界（语境）为中心的批评流派：马克思主 义、女性主义、新历史主义、后殖民理论、文 化研究、生态批评、性属研究。
? 1. Plato and Aristotle-- The reader as Passive Agent. Looks at the effect of the literary work on the reader or audience.
? Rhetorical Criticism-- One of the earliest forms of language study and literary criticism. The study of how language (written and spoken) shapes or affects readers/audience. Looks at techniques for moving or persuading an audience or reader.
? 3. Textual Emphasis (New Criticism)-- The text reveals its own meaning. The emphasis on the objective nature of the text creates a passive reader who is not allowed to bring personal experiences or private emotions to bear on textual analysis. To do so is to create the affective fallacy.
? 4. Louise Rosenblatt (Literature as Exploration, 1937). One of the first theoretical works outlining a reader-oriented approach to the study and analysis of literature.
? 2. Romanticism (Wordsworth)-- Emphasis on the Author. The author is the locus of meaning and interpretation. The text is an extension or expression of the author's thoughts and feelings.
? 以读者为中心的批评流派：读者反应批评/接 受理论（接受美学）。
The central premise of all the schools within Reader-Criticism is this:
? The text does not and cannot interpret itself. To determine a text's meaning, one must become an active reader and a participant in the reading process. Reader-Response Criticism (RRC) uses various theoretical assumptions and methodologies to discover a text's meaning as it is created through interaction with the reader.