250W高压钠灯电感镇流器和电子镇流器性能分析

英文
250W high pressure sodium lamp electronic ballast inductance ballasts and comparative analysis of performance and energy-saving
High-pressure sodium lamp is a high intensity gas discharge lamp, and its development began in 1955. Now, high-pressure sodium lamp life of up to 10,000 hours, light efficiency is higher than 100 lm / W. High-pressure sodium lamp work issued gold white light, it has a high luminous efficiency, low power consumption, long life, transparent fog ability and so on. Is widely used in roads, highways, airports, terminals, stations, squares, industrial and mining enterprises, parks and other venues lighting. High-color high-pressure sodium lamp is mainly used in sports centers, exhibition halls, casinos, department stores and hotels and other places lighting, is widely used.
The following pairs of commonly used high-pressure sodium lamp of 250W inductive and electronic ballasts for performance and energy efficiency were analyzed.
First, performance comparison
1.Their own power. 250W Ballast power consumption of about 22W,and with the output power increases. 250W electronic ballast power consumption of about 12W, and basically a constant value. Electronic Ballast own low power consumption, low temperature, the system efficiency.
2. With the benchmark light with the light effect. Ballast with the benchmark light, its luminous efficiency is about the base and the base lights with light ballast efficiency 0.95% -0.98%. Of high frequency electronic ballasts because the current lighting, its photoelectric conversion rate is slightly higher than the inductive ballast. Another self-power small electronic ballast, making it the benchmark light after the light efficiency is about supporting the base and the base lamp ballast with 110% optical efficiency.
3. Lamp life. Ballast is very difficult to start the feature is fully consistent with the lamp start-up requirements. When the input supply voltage variations and lamp aging, the lamp power fluctuations over large areas, greatly shorten the lamp life, increase the routine maintenance costs. Electronic ballasts can directly control the lamp current, in smaller start-up current, shortening the lamp start-up time. In a wide range of supply voltage variations and lamp aging, maintains constant lamp power, reducing the lamp light decline, thus greatly extending lamp life, reduce routine maintenance costs.
4.Input power voltage range. On the inductance ballast, lamp power supply voltage fluctuations with the input change. When the supply voltage is high, the lamp of serious super-power (when the input voltage to 250V,some inductance ballast output power up to 380W or so), ballasts and light fever severe, greatly reducing the lamp and the lamp life. The electronic ballast with constant power output. In a wide range of supply voltage changes, be able to maintain a constant lamp power, reducing the lamp light decline, thereby significantly extending the life of lamps and lighting.
5.Strobe lights problem. Due to AC 50Hz (or 60Hz) power network voltage zero-crossing of the impact of inductance ballast to produce low-frequency strobe light and produce a clear exchange of noise, easily lead to the human eye fatigue, but also moving objects can not meet the high quality of lighting and photography requirements. The high-frequency electronic ballast using high frequency electric current output lamp, high power factor boost circuit, in the middle with large-capacity DC-link filter, no low-frequency flicker problem, there is no low-frequency noise.
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6. Peripheral attachment. Ballast need to activate the device and the compensation capacitor is not easy to install, reduce overall system reliability. The electronic ballast does not require any attachments, easy installation.
7.The installation of ballast and light source distance requirements. High Pressure Sodium Ballast generally use an external trigger pulse, the distance between the ballast and the lamp short, unable to meet the long-term driving requirement. The high-frequency electronic ballasts using sliding-frequency lighting, electronic ballasts and the distance between the lamp can be extended to 50 meters, to facilitate ballast installation and routine maintenance.
8. Harmonic content and power factor. Ballast input current waveform for the square wave and the current lags behind the voltage, input current harmonic content, it is not added when the power factor compensation capacitor is only about 0.6. Even with compensation capacitors, power factor is also very difficult to achieve 0.95or more harmonic content remains high. This has resulted in Ballast serious pollution of the grid, increase network load and increase connection fees. The high-frequency electronic ballasts with power factor correction circuit inside, so that the input current harmonic content of less than 10%,power factor is higher than 0.95,the grid basically no pollution, can reduce grid load, lower initial installation fee to use can also be used on the original inductance ballast lighting system directly compatibilizer.
9. Electromagnetic compatibility problems. In addition to the low input current harmonic content, the electronic ballast can fully meet EMI and EMS requirements, thereby enhancing the reliability of the entire lighting system.
10. Self-protection issues. Ballast can not be achieved to protect themselves, when the tube emerged "Rectifier effect" and near the end of life, there will be bright lights frequently, eliminate, resulting in greater loss of ballast, temperature increase. Electronic ballasts can achieve full protection against lamp open, light-side short-circuit, heat lamp, rectifier effect and the light end of life phenomena such as the blockade of electronic ballast output.
11. Size and weight. 250W Ballast weight of close to 5 kg, were heavy and bulky raw materials consumed by many pairs of lamps and installation of components requiring high strength. 250W electronic ballast weight of only 1 kg, small size and easy installation.
From the above analysis we can see that was significantly higher than the performance of electronic ballast inductance ballasts, electronic ballasts can
fully meet the "green light" requirements, are environmentally friendly, energy-saving products.
Second, comparative analysis of energy-saving
1. Magnetic Ballast with full power constant output electronic ballast.
(1) Inductance Ballast: Rated input voltage 220V, input power 272W, output power of 250W.
(2) The full power constant output electronic ballast: Input voltage 220V, input power 262W, the output power of 250W.
Comparative analysis of energy-saving: The power output the same circumstances, the use of electronic ballasts can save 10W of input power, energy-saving rate was 3.7%. If the grid voltage is increased, energy-saving electronic ballasts will be greatly improved.
For example: power voltage of 250V,at this time Ballast input power 350W, electronic ballast input power of 262W,would save 90W of power, energy-saving rate of 30%.
2. Inductance Ballast and low-power constant output electronic ballast
(1) Inductance Ballast: Rated input voltage 220V, input power 272W, output power of 250W.
(2) low-power constant output electronic ballast: For energy conservation, to extend the lamp life, while ensuring that illumination, electronic ballasts can be reduced to 80% of the output of the power output. This is, electronic ballasts rated input voltage of 220V,input power 210W,the output power of 200W.
Comparative analysis of energy conservation: the use of such electronic ballasts can save input power 62W,energy saving rate of 23%. If the grid voltage is increased, energy-saving electronic ballasts will be greatly improved.
For example: power voltage 250V, power of difference for the 350W - 210W = 140W, energy-saving rate of 50%.
3. Inductance Ballast and automatic timing Dimming Electronic Ballast
(1) Inductance Ballast: Rated input voltage 220V, input power 272W, output power of 250W.
(2) In order to extend the lamp life, and further energy efficiency, while meeting the general requirements of road lighting, electronic ballasts can be reduced to the maximum output power of 80% of rated power, while at night will further reduce the power output ballast .
Dimming electronic ballast strategies can be formulated according to the user's requirements, a maximum of dimming can be achieved grade 8.
[For example, dimming strategy]
Electronic ballast to work 12hours every night, rated input voltage of 220V. The implementation of three-dimming electronic ballast Strategy: 18:00 to 22:00 at night and 80% power output, input power 210W, output power 200W; at 22:00 to 4:00 am the next day and 50% power output , input power 134W, output power 125W; the next day 4:00 am to 6:00 am at 80% power output, input power 210W, the output power of 200W.
Comparative analysis of energy conservation: the use of such electronic ballast, an hour every night could save an average input power 100W,energy-saving rate was 36.6%. If the grid voltage is increased, energy-saving electronic ballasts will be greatly improved.
From the above analysis, the use of such automatic timing dimmable electronic ballasts, average power of 172W, working 12 hours a day, saving more than 1.2 degrees Ballast. In accordance with electricity 0.8yuan / kWh, 0.96yuan per day to save electricity. Through energy conservation, about a year to be able to fully recover the cost of electronic ballasts.
中文
250W高压钠灯电感镇流器和电子镇流器性能分析
高压钠灯属于高强度气体放电灯，其发展始于1955年。

现在，高压钠灯寿命高达10000小时，光效高于100 lm/W。

高压钠灯工作时发出金白色光，它具有发光效率高、耗电少、寿命长、透雾能力强等优点。

广泛用于道路、高速公路、机场、码头、车站、广场、工矿企业、公园等场地照明。

高显色高压钠灯主要应用于体育馆、展览馆、娱乐场、百货商店和宾馆等场所照明，应用十分广泛。

下面对常用的250W高压钠灯电感和电子镇流器进行性能和节能对比分析。

一、性能比较
1．自身功耗。

250W电感镇流器功耗约为22W，且随输出功率的增加而增加。

250W 电子镇流器功耗约为12W，且基本为恒定值。

电子镇流器自身功耗低，温升低，系统效率高。

2．与基准灯配合的光效。

电感镇流器与基准灯配合，其光效约为基准镇流器与基准灯配合光效的0.95%-0.98%。

电子镇流器因为用高频电流点灯，其光电转换率要比电感镇流器略高。

另外电子镇流器自身功耗小，使它与基准灯配套后的光效约为基准镇流器与基准灯配合光效的110%。

3．灯管寿命。

电感镇流器很难做到启动特性与灯管启动要求完全一致。

当输入电源电压变化和灯老化时，灯管功率波动范围大，大大缩短灯管寿命，增加日常维护费用。

电子镇流器可以直接控制灯电流，在较小的启动电流下，缩短灯的启动时间。

在电源电压大范围变化和灯老化时，保持灯功率恒定，减小灯的光衰，从而大大延长灯的使用寿命，降低日常维护费用。

4．输入电网电压范围。

对电感镇流器，灯管功率随输入电源电压波动而变化。

当电源电压较高时，灯管严重超功率（当输入电压达到250V时，有些电感镇流器的输出功率高达380W左右），镇流器和灯发热严重，大大缩短灯管和灯具的寿命。

而电子镇流器具有恒功率输出功能。

在电源电压大范围变化时，能够保持灯功率恒定，减小灯的光衰，从而大大延长灯管和灯具的使用寿命。

5．灯光的频闪问题。

由于受交流50Hz（或60Hz）电网电压过零点的影响，电感镇流器使灯产生低频频闪，并产生明显的交流噪音，容易引起人眼疲劳，也无法满足运动物体的高质量照明和摄影的要求。

而高频电子镇流器输出采用高频电流电灯，采用高功率因数升压电路，中间采用大容量直流滤波环节，无低频闪烁问题，也没有低频噪音。

6．外围附件。

电感镇流器需要启动器和补偿电容，不易安装，降低整个系统的可靠性。

而电子镇流器不需要任何附件，安装方便。

7．镇流器与光源的安装距离要求。

高压钠灯电感镇流器一般采用外部脉冲触发器，镇流器和灯管之间的距离较短，无法满足长线驱动要求。

而高频电子镇流器采用滑频电
灯技术，电子镇流器和灯管之间的距离可以延长到50米，方便镇流器的安装和日常维护。

8．谐波含量和功率因数。

电感镇流器的输入电流波形为方波且电流滞后于电压，输入电流的谐波含量大，不加补偿电容时的功率因数只有0.6左右。

即使加上补偿电容器，功率因数也很难做到0.95以上，谐波含量仍然较高。

这就造成电感镇流器对电网的污染严重，加大电网的负荷，增加初装费用。

而高频电子镇流器内部采用功率因数校正电路，使输入电流的谐波含量小于10%，功率因数高于0.95，对电网的基本没有污染，能减小电网的负荷，降低初装费用，也可以对原来采用电感镇流器的照明系统直接增容。

9．电磁兼容问题。

除输入电流谐波含量低之外，电子镇流器还能全面满足EMI和EMS要求，从而提高整个照明系统的可靠性。

10．自身保护问题。

电感镇流器不能实现自身保护，当灯管出现“整流效应”和接近寿命终结时，会出现灯频繁亮、灭，造成镇流器损耗加大、温升加剧。

电子镇流器可以实现全面的保护功能，针对灯开路、灯端短路、热灯、整流效应和灯寿命终结等现象，封锁电子镇流器的输出。

11．体积和重量。

250W电感镇流器的重量接近5公斤，比较笨重，消耗的原材料多，对灯具和安装部件的强度要求高。

250W电子镇流器的重量只有1公斤左右，体积小，安装方便。

从以上分析可以看出，电子镇流器的性能明显高于电感镇流器，电子镇流器能全面满足“绿色照明”的要求，是环保、节能型产品。

二、节能对比分析
1．电感镇流器与满功率恒定输出电子镇流器
（1）电感镇流器：额定输入电压220V，输入功率272W，输出功率250W。

（2）满功率恒定输出电子镇流器：额定电压输入220V，输入功率262W，输出功率250W。

节能对比分析：在输出功率相同的情况下，使用电子镇流器可以节省10W的输入功率，节能率为3.7%。

如果电网电压升高，电子镇流器的节能会大幅度提高。

例如：电网电压250V，此时电感镇流器输入功率350W，电子镇流器输入功率262W，则会节省90W的功率，节能率30%。

2．电感镇流器与低功率恒定输出电子镇流器
（1）电感镇流器：额定输入电压220V，输入功率272W，输出功率250W。

（2）低功率恒定输出电子镇流器：为了节能，延长灯泡寿命，同时保证光照度，可以将电子镇流器的输出调低到80%功率输出。

这是，电子镇流器的额定输入电压220V，输入功率210W，输出功率200W。

节能对比分析：使用这种电子镇流器可节省输入功率62W，节能率为23%。

如果电网电压升高，电子镇流器的节能还会大幅度提高。

例如：电网电压250V，功率之差为350W—210W=140W，节能率为50%。

3．电感镇流器与自动定时调光型电子镇流器
（1）电感镇流器：额定输入电压220V，输入功率272W，输出功率250W。

（2）为了延长灯泡寿命，并进一步节能，同时满足一般道路的照明要求，可以将电子镇流器的最大输出功率调低到80%额定功率，同时在深夜将镇流器的输出功率进一步降低。

电子镇流器的调光策略可以根据用户的要求制定，最多调光分级可以达到8段。

调光策略举例
电子镇流器每天晚上工作12小时，额定输入电压220V。

电子镇流器实施三段式调光策略：晚上18:00到22:00为80%功率输出，输入功率210W，输出功率200W；晚上
22:00至第二天凌晨4:00为50%功率输出，输入功率134W，输出功率125W；第二天凌晨4:00到凌晨6:00为80%功率输出，输入功率210W，输出功率200W。

节能对比分析：使用这种电子镇流器，每天晚上每小时可平均节省输入功率100W，节能率为36.6%。

如果电网电压升高，电子镇流器的节能还会大幅度提高。

由上述分析，使用这种自动定时调光型电子镇流器，平均功率为172W，每天工作12小时，比电感镇流器节电1.2度。

按照电费0.8元/度，每天节省电费0.96元。

通过节能，大约需要一年就可以完全收回电子镇流器的成本。