当代语言学导论课件
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language instinct.
Observation
Are they English words?
slip
Yes
slib
Possible
spill
Yes
sbill
impossible
The phonological form of a lexical item is self-governed.
It makes no reference to its syntactic features.
h
13
Observation
What time is it in the kitchen? What does the clock in the kitchen say?
I cut all the flagstones.
h
15
Each linguistic module is governed by its particular set of
general principles.
The superficial complexity of language is a consequence of the interaction of such modules.
LANGUAGE IS UNIQUE
语言独特性
h
17
1. Language and signalwk.baidu.comcodes
The idea that some animals may be capable of utilizing a language is far from ridiculous.
Animal call systems can be broken into basic units like human languages broken into phonemes.
It makes no reference to its syntactical or semantic information.
h
7
Observation
In German
Ich habe einen Füller. Er ist rot.
Word-for-word translation in English
The fog went away.
The train left. The mail left.
“To leave” refers to a movement routinely controlled by human beings.
The semantic structure of a lexical item is self-governed.
I have a pen. He is red.
Observation
I asked what the number of students in the class was.
I asked the number of students in the class.
I inquired what the number of students in the class was.
Competence:
the complete knowledge of the language an ideal speaker/hearer would have.
Performance:
the actual use of the language by individuals in speech and writing.
Chapter 10
Language Instinct
h
1
Saussure’s Langue & Parole
Langue: the ideal form of a language
Parole: the actual form of language in speech and writing
Chomsky’s Competence & Performance
I cut all the grass around the flagstones
The pragmatic inference is self-governed.
It makes no reference to both the syntactic and semantic structures.
h
10
Autonomous Syntax Principle
No syntactic rule can make reference to pragmatic, phonological, or semantic information.
Chomsky (1977)
Observation
The girls left. * The fog left.
LANGUAGE IS MODULAR
语言模块性
h
4
If a student misses a class, he will probably not know how to solve certain problems related to the content of that class. If a man encounters any basic problem related to his mother tongue, he does not need to ask for help from his teachers or friends. Just by asking his own mind he can get an answer similar to most of his compatriots. According to an excellent contemporary psycholinguist in America, Steven Pinker, what they rely on is the
I inquired the number of students in the class.
The syntactic form of a lexical item is self-governed.
It makes no reference to its semantic information.
Observation
Are they English words?
slip
Yes
slib
Possible
spill
Yes
sbill
impossible
The phonological form of a lexical item is self-governed.
It makes no reference to its syntactic features.
h
13
Observation
What time is it in the kitchen? What does the clock in the kitchen say?
I cut all the flagstones.
h
15
Each linguistic module is governed by its particular set of
general principles.
The superficial complexity of language is a consequence of the interaction of such modules.
LANGUAGE IS UNIQUE
语言独特性
h
17
1. Language and signalwk.baidu.comcodes
The idea that some animals may be capable of utilizing a language is far from ridiculous.
Animal call systems can be broken into basic units like human languages broken into phonemes.
It makes no reference to its syntactical or semantic information.
h
7
Observation
In German
Ich habe einen Füller. Er ist rot.
Word-for-word translation in English
The fog went away.
The train left. The mail left.
“To leave” refers to a movement routinely controlled by human beings.
The semantic structure of a lexical item is self-governed.
I have a pen. He is red.
Observation
I asked what the number of students in the class was.
I asked the number of students in the class.
I inquired what the number of students in the class was.
Competence:
the complete knowledge of the language an ideal speaker/hearer would have.
Performance:
the actual use of the language by individuals in speech and writing.
Chapter 10
Language Instinct
h
1
Saussure’s Langue & Parole
Langue: the ideal form of a language
Parole: the actual form of language in speech and writing
Chomsky’s Competence & Performance
I cut all the grass around the flagstones
The pragmatic inference is self-governed.
It makes no reference to both the syntactic and semantic structures.
h
10
Autonomous Syntax Principle
No syntactic rule can make reference to pragmatic, phonological, or semantic information.
Chomsky (1977)
Observation
The girls left. * The fog left.
LANGUAGE IS MODULAR
语言模块性
h
4
If a student misses a class, he will probably not know how to solve certain problems related to the content of that class. If a man encounters any basic problem related to his mother tongue, he does not need to ask for help from his teachers or friends. Just by asking his own mind he can get an answer similar to most of his compatriots. According to an excellent contemporary psycholinguist in America, Steven Pinker, what they rely on is the
I inquired the number of students in the class.
The syntactic form of a lexical item is self-governed.
It makes no reference to its semantic information.