浅谈英语长句的翻译
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二、倒译法 有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语不同，甚至完全相反。这时，我们就该逆着 原文的顺序翻译。 Is it our sound and considered judgement that the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll-playing? 分析：这个句子的真正主语是“the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll-playing”，it只是一个形式主语。原文采用主语从句的目的是为了避免头 重脚轻。很明显，汉语中不存在这类句子结构。因此，这句话我们应该逆着 原句的顺序，先翻主语从句，再译主句内容。 译文：正如某些教育学家所建议的那样，将难懂的古典文学和数学弃之一边， 把时间和精力花在一些相对来说比较容易学的科目上，这难道是我们经过反 复地思考而得出来的正确判断吗？
其它例子： In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 译文：在非洲，我遇到了一个男孩，他哭得心都快碎了。我问他的时候，他 说他很饿，因为他已经两天没吃东西了。 As I got better, I began to add tricks, tossing the balls so that one went over the top of the others, or under the others, or I bounced one off my head or elbow and still kept the pattern going. 译文：随着我技术的进步，我开始加上花样：抛球时让一个球经过其他球的 上方，或者其他球的下方；或者我让一个球弹在我的头上或者臂肘上，并继 续按原来的方式抛球。 Then five years later, when I was 21, my mother called me aside one day during the Christmas season and said, “Dan, how would you like to juggle for the Salvation Army dinner this year?” 译文：五年之后，当我21岁时，母亲在圣诞节期间的一天，把我叫到一边说： “丹，你愿不愿给救世军的聚餐会表演杂耍？”
其它例子： And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girl friend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born. 译文：他出身在这类人当中，他出身在这种地方，他有这样的母亲，这些要是让 他的女朋友知道了，他明白那将会多么得令人难堪。 Or there are murder dinner parties, at which groups of friends get together to solve a crime over the dinner table, using specially prepared information about their character and their whereabouts. 译文：或者举办“谋杀案侦破晚宴”：一群朋友在一起，在餐桌上利用预先准备 好的关于人物性格和行踪的线索破解一桩案件。 Forty-five minutes later I ended the performance with my final word of advice to the children: “If you want to succeed, at juggling or anything else, you have to keep trying. You can do it. Just never give up.” 译文：45分钟以后，我给了孩子们一句忠告，作为节目的结束语：“不论是杂 耍还是别的，如果你们想成功，就必须不断地努力。你们能做到，只是永远不能 放弃。”
On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31. 分析：这个句子是由一个主句和两个定语从句组成的。“On August 1, the gunboat began her mission”是主句，也是全句的中心内容。主句后面是一个 非限制性定语从句，其中又包含一个限制性定语从句。这个限制性定语从句 比较短，所以在译文中可以放在被修饰语“the overall assault”之前。全句共 有三层意思：（1）炮舰8月1日开始执行任务；（2）在防御者看来这是一次 挑衅；（3）炮舰8月1日开始执行任务这件事情似乎是7月31日开始的全面攻 击的一个组成部分。原文所表达的逻辑关系、叙述顺序与汉语趋于一致，因 此可按顺译法来翻译。 译文：炮舰于8月1日开始执行任务。在防御者的眼里，这是一次挑衅，而且 似乎是7月31日发动的全面攻击的一个组成部分。
二、倒译法 有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语不同，甚至完全相反。这时，我们就该逆着 原文的顺序翻译。 Is it our sound and considered judgement that the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll-playing? 分析：这个句子的真正主语是“the tougher subjects of the classics and mathematics should be thrown aside, as suggested by some educators, for doll-playing”，it只是一个形式主语。原文采用主语从句的目的是为了避免头 重脚轻。很明显，汉语中不存在这类句子结构。因此，这句话我们应该逆着 原句的顺序，先翻主语从句，再译主句内容。 译文：正如某些教育学家所建议的那样，将难懂的古典文学和数学弃之一边， 把时间和精力花在一些相对来说比较容易学的科目上，这难道是我们经过反 复地思考而得出来的正确判断吗？
其它例子： In Africa I met a boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days. 译文：在非洲，我遇到了一个男孩，他哭得心都快碎了。我问他的时候，他 说他很饿，因为他已经两天没吃东西了。 As I got better, I began to add tricks, tossing the balls so that one went over the top of the others, or under the others, or I bounced one off my head or elbow and still kept the pattern going. 译文：随着我技术的进步，我开始加上花样：抛球时让一个球经过其他球的 上方，或者其他球的下方；或者我让一个球弹在我的头上或者臂肘上，并继 续按原来的方式抛球。 Then five years later, when I was 21, my mother called me aside one day during the Christmas season and said, “Dan, how would you like to juggle for the Salvation Army dinner this year?” 译文：五年之后，当我21岁时，母亲在圣诞节期间的一天，把我叫到一边说： “丹，你愿不愿给救世军的聚餐会表演杂耍？”
其它例子： And he knew how ashamed he would have been if his girl friend had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born. 译文：他出身在这类人当中，他出身在这种地方，他有这样的母亲，这些要是让 他的女朋友知道了，他明白那将会多么得令人难堪。 Or there are murder dinner parties, at which groups of friends get together to solve a crime over the dinner table, using specially prepared information about their character and their whereabouts. 译文：或者举办“谋杀案侦破晚宴”：一群朋友在一起，在餐桌上利用预先准备 好的关于人物性格和行踪的线索破解一桩案件。 Forty-five minutes later I ended the performance with my final word of advice to the children: “If you want to succeed, at juggling or anything else, you have to keep trying. You can do it. Just never give up.” 译文：45分钟以后，我给了孩子们一句忠告，作为节目的结束语：“不论是杂 耍还是别的，如果你们想成功，就必须不断地努力。你们能做到，只是永远不能 放弃。”
On August 1, the gunboat began her mission, which was, in the eyes of the defenders, a provocative act and seemed to be part of the overall assault which had begun on July 31. 分析：这个句子是由一个主句和两个定语从句组成的。“On August 1, the gunboat began her mission”是主句，也是全句的中心内容。主句后面是一个 非限制性定语从句，其中又包含一个限制性定语从句。这个限制性定语从句 比较短，所以在译文中可以放在被修饰语“the overall assault”之前。全句共 有三层意思：（1）炮舰8月1日开始执行任务；（2）在防御者看来这是一次 挑衅；（3）炮舰8月1日开始执行任务这件事情似乎是7月31日开始的全面攻 击的一个组成部分。原文所表达的逻辑关系、叙述顺序与汉语趋于一致，因 此可按顺译法来翻译。 译文：炮舰于8月1日开始执行任务。在防御者的眼里，这是一次挑衅，而且 似乎是7月31日发动的全面攻击的一个组成部分。