生物分离工程英文课件
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Bioseparation Engineering
Chapter 1 Introduction
§1.1 Downstream processing in biotechnology
• The producing process of a biotechnological product is termed bioprocess, that can be divided into two processes as follows
• Since the product concentration is low in the culture broth, it is necessary to concentrate the broth for removing large amounts of water. Because those of unit operations are costly, the cost of DSP is increased observably.
→ Final
product
§1.2 Demands on the downstream processing
• Strictly monitor the DSP steps for keeping the activity of the product;
• Rapidly remove those impurities can affecting the stability of the final product;
efficiency of a downstream processing, i.e.
concentration degree, isolation-purification
degree, and recovery rate
• The complexity of downstream processing is determined by the required purity of the product, in turn determined by its application.
• The downstream processing scheme normally can be divided into the following stages
– Unit operation：ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, electrophoresis, etc.
• Diffusion/equilibrium separation
– Mechanism：separation based on the difference of distribution of substances between the two phraction, crystallization, adsorption, ion exchange, etc.
§1.4 Estimation for separation efficiency
• There are three criteria on assessing the
Broth
→
Solid-liquid separation
↗ ↘
Extracellular
Intracellular product
product Cell
→ disruption
→
Removal of cell debris
↘ ↗
→
→
Primary isolation
→
purification
→
formulation
• Object：unhomogeneous phase system • Mechanism：separation based on the difference of substances’
size and density • Unit operation：filtration, settling, centrifugation, etc.
– Upstream processing：strain development and bioreaction （enzyme catalyze reaction, microbial fermentation, plant/mammalian cell culture, etc）
– Downstream processing：the isolation and purification of biotechnological products
• Generally it is necessary to apply special efficient methods to the purification of the product;
• Since many products are applied to food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics, those substances harmful to mankind health must be removed;
§1.3 Separation mechanism and unit operation
• According to different separation principles the unit operations can be sorted into two groups：
– Mechanical separation
– Mass transfer separation
• Object：homogeneous phase system
• Transport/velocity separation
– Mechanism：separation based on the migration velocity difference of solutes drove by bearing a applied force
Chapter 1 Introduction
§1.1 Downstream processing in biotechnology
• The producing process of a biotechnological product is termed bioprocess, that can be divided into two processes as follows
• Since the product concentration is low in the culture broth, it is necessary to concentrate the broth for removing large amounts of water. Because those of unit operations are costly, the cost of DSP is increased observably.
→ Final
product
§1.2 Demands on the downstream processing
• Strictly monitor the DSP steps for keeping the activity of the product;
• Rapidly remove those impurities can affecting the stability of the final product;
efficiency of a downstream processing, i.e.
concentration degree, isolation-purification
degree, and recovery rate
• The complexity of downstream processing is determined by the required purity of the product, in turn determined by its application.
• The downstream processing scheme normally can be divided into the following stages
– Unit operation：ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, electrophoresis, etc.
• Diffusion/equilibrium separation
– Mechanism：separation based on the difference of distribution of substances between the two phraction, crystallization, adsorption, ion exchange, etc.
§1.4 Estimation for separation efficiency
• There are three criteria on assessing the
Broth
→
Solid-liquid separation
↗ ↘
Extracellular
Intracellular product
product Cell
→ disruption
→
Removal of cell debris
↘ ↗
→
→
Primary isolation
→
purification
→
formulation
• Object：unhomogeneous phase system • Mechanism：separation based on the difference of substances’
size and density • Unit operation：filtration, settling, centrifugation, etc.
– Upstream processing：strain development and bioreaction （enzyme catalyze reaction, microbial fermentation, plant/mammalian cell culture, etc）
– Downstream processing：the isolation and purification of biotechnological products
• Generally it is necessary to apply special efficient methods to the purification of the product;
• Since many products are applied to food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics, those substances harmful to mankind health must be removed;
§1.3 Separation mechanism and unit operation
• According to different separation principles the unit operations can be sorted into two groups：
– Mechanical separation
– Mass transfer separation
• Object：homogeneous phase system
• Transport/velocity separation
– Mechanism：separation based on the migration velocity difference of solutes drove by bearing a applied force