English-基于GPS精密星历的数据解算
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2. IGS服务机构及其产品
IGS(International GNSS Service)由80多个国家200多个组织志愿组成。IGS在全球的跟踪网有多达300多个全球永久性观测站。表2.1为中国境内的跟踪站：
表2.1 中国境内跟踪站
bjfs
chan
kunm
lhaz
shao
urum
wuhn
xian
guao
Keyword:GPS,IGS,precise ephemeris,HGO
1.引言
GPS对工程测量带来的巨大贡献是目前其他工具和方法无法代替的，工程测量中常用的有：建立精密GPS工程控制网，利用GPS进行大型工程项目的实时动态监测，采用网络RTK技术进行地形图测量等。
在野外，视线良好、周围环境允许的情况下，可以选择GPS联测高等级控制点来做工程控制网的首级控制，因此最需要关注的问题是GPS在工程控制网中能达到什么程度的定位精度。而提高定位精度的方法有多种，可以使用优秀的数据解算软件，如美国麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州大学圣地亚哥分校Scripps海洋研究所(SIO)研制的GAMIT/GLOBK，或使用国际GNSS(International GNSS Service)服务提供的IGS精密星历。目前，采用商用随机软件的用户一般到IGS网站下载免费提供的IGS产品，即精密星历来提高GPS控制网的定位精度。IGS提供的星历有广播星历、精密星历（包括超快星历、快速星历、最终星历），本文利用精密星历文件对统一控制网做基线解算并分析其结果。
2.The accuracy of the table above is the average RMS of x,y and z’s component values, and it is obtained by comparing with the results of independent SLR.
Table 2.1 The tracking station of China
The continuous GPS console provides rich GPS data to IGS Analysis Center, for getting the precise orbit information eventually.
15
注： 超快星历的发布时间为每天的UTC3h，9h，15h和21h发布，每天4次，包括48h的卫星轨道，前24h根据观测值计算出来，后24h为预报轨道；
上表的精度是x，y，z三个分量的平均RMS值，是通过与独立的SLR结果进行对比后求得的。
2 IGS services and products
IGS (International GNSS Service) consists of more than 80 countries and more than 200 volunteers organization. IGS has more than 300 global permanent observation stations in the global tracking network.
关键词：GPS，IGS，精密星历，数据预处理，HGO
Abstract:Broadcast ephemeris is usually used in data processing of GPS control network in general engineering application.For some low level control network, its accuracy met the basic requirements. But if the control network of the high accuracy, using the broadcast ephemeris is not easy to make the baseline qualified, and it can reach the precision is very difficult to meet the requirements.The precise ephemeris provided by IGS for data calculation, it can not only make the baseline qualified, but also can greatly improve the accuracy of data calculation.Through the static data collected for GPS receiver in a practical project. Do error analysis, data pre processing to the static date,and do the baseline solution using HGO software.Then compare with results that calculated using the precise ephemeris.The role and significance of precise ephemeris are obtained in practical engineering application, it provides guarantee for the national construction completed successfully.
1.Introduction
The great contribution of GPS brings to engineering measurement is the other tools and methods can not be replaced.Forexample,commonly used in engineering survey,the establishment of network, control precision of GPS engineering,real-time and dynamic monitoring of large engineering projects using GPS,for topographic map measurement usingRTK network technology.
IGS provides a variety of precise ephemeris data file. A common format is the SP3. Table 2.2 below is provided by the IGS satellite ephemeris and precision.
精度/cm
滞后时间
更新率
数据的时间间隔/min
广播星历
100
实时
超快星历（预报部分）
5
实时
1次/6h，UTC3h，9h，15h，21h
15
超快星历（实测部分）
3
3~9h
1次/6h，UTC3h，9h，15h，21h
15
快速星历
2.5Байду номын сангаас
17~41h
1次/d，UTC17h
15
最终星历
2.5
12~18d
1次/星期，每星期四发布
In the wild,with a good line of sight,and the surrounding circumstances permit.And using GPS you can carry on the conjunction of high grade control point as the primary control in engineering control network.Then the most concern is the GPS positioning accuracy can achieve what degree in engineering control network. Methods to improve positioning accuracy has a variety of, we can use the best data calculation software,such as MIT and SIO research and developed the GAMIT/GLOBK, and the use of the international GNSS (International GNSS Service) IGS precise ephemeris service provision. At present, the commercial random software users general to the IGS web site and download the freely available IGS products, that is precise ephemeris to improve the positioning precision of GPS control network. IGS provides the ephemeris is broadcast ephemeris, precise ephemeris (including ultra rapid orbits, rapid ephemeris, final ephemeris), using precise ephemeris files on the unified control network do baseline calculation and analysis of its results.
基于GPS精密星历的数据解算
DATA PROCESS BASED ON PRECISE EPHEMERIS OF GPS
摘要：一般的工程应用中GPS控制网通常采用的是广播星历进行数据解算，这对一些低等级的控制网，精度基本符合要求，但是若控制网的等级较高，工程的精度要求更为严格，利用广播星历就不容易使基线解算合格，精度也很难达到要求。利用IGS提供的精密星历对数据进行解算，不但可以使基线解算合格，还可以很大程度的提高数据解算的精度。通过对某实际工程GPS接收机采集到的静态数据进行误差来源分析、数据预处理，利用HGO软件进行基线解算并和加入精密星历后的基线解算结果进行对比分析，得出IGS精密星历在实际工程应用当中的作用和意义，为更好地完成国家建设提供保障。
3.GPS卫星星历的误差分析
卫星星历给出的卫星在空间所处的位置及运动速度信息与卫星实际位置和运动速度的差值称为卫星星历误差。广播星历是用参考时刻t0的轨道根数及其变化率（即任一时刻卫星的轨道参数）来描述卫星的运动轨道，然后由用户计算观测ti瞬间卫星在空间的位置和运动速度；IGS精密星历是以一定的时间间隔直接给出卫星的空间三维坐标及三维运动速度，用户利用不同方法（如切比雪夫多项式）进行内插后即可求得观测ti瞬间卫星在空间的位置和运动速度
Table 2.2 the GPS satellite ephemeris and precision provided by IGS.
Note:
1.the IGS ultra rapid products’releasing time is 3h, 9h, 15h and 21h of every UTC, 4 times a day, including 48h satellite orbit, the former 24h calculated according to the observation value, and 24h for orbit prediction;
北京 房山
长春
昆明
拉萨
上海 佘山
乌鲁木齐
武汉
西安 临潼（已停止）
乌鲁木齐
这些连续的GPS控制台向IGS分析中心提供丰富的GPS数据，最终获得精密轨道信息。
IGS提供各种精密星历数据文件，常见的为SP3格式，下表2.2是IGS提供的卫星星历及其精度。
表2.2 IGS提供的GPS卫星星历与其精度
卫星星历
IGS(International GNSS Service)由80多个国家200多个组织志愿组成。IGS在全球的跟踪网有多达300多个全球永久性观测站。表2.1为中国境内的跟踪站：
表2.1 中国境内跟踪站
bjfs
chan
kunm
lhaz
shao
urum
wuhn
xian
guao
Keyword:GPS,IGS,precise ephemeris,HGO
1.引言
GPS对工程测量带来的巨大贡献是目前其他工具和方法无法代替的，工程测量中常用的有：建立精密GPS工程控制网，利用GPS进行大型工程项目的实时动态监测，采用网络RTK技术进行地形图测量等。
在野外，视线良好、周围环境允许的情况下，可以选择GPS联测高等级控制点来做工程控制网的首级控制，因此最需要关注的问题是GPS在工程控制网中能达到什么程度的定位精度。而提高定位精度的方法有多种，可以使用优秀的数据解算软件，如美国麻省理工学院(MIT)和加州大学圣地亚哥分校Scripps海洋研究所(SIO)研制的GAMIT/GLOBK，或使用国际GNSS(International GNSS Service)服务提供的IGS精密星历。目前，采用商用随机软件的用户一般到IGS网站下载免费提供的IGS产品，即精密星历来提高GPS控制网的定位精度。IGS提供的星历有广播星历、精密星历（包括超快星历、快速星历、最终星历），本文利用精密星历文件对统一控制网做基线解算并分析其结果。
2.The accuracy of the table above is the average RMS of x,y and z’s component values, and it is obtained by comparing with the results of independent SLR.
Table 2.1 The tracking station of China
The continuous GPS console provides rich GPS data to IGS Analysis Center, for getting the precise orbit information eventually.
15
注： 超快星历的发布时间为每天的UTC3h，9h，15h和21h发布，每天4次，包括48h的卫星轨道，前24h根据观测值计算出来，后24h为预报轨道；
上表的精度是x，y，z三个分量的平均RMS值，是通过与独立的SLR结果进行对比后求得的。
2 IGS services and products
IGS (International GNSS Service) consists of more than 80 countries and more than 200 volunteers organization. IGS has more than 300 global permanent observation stations in the global tracking network.
关键词：GPS，IGS，精密星历，数据预处理，HGO
Abstract:Broadcast ephemeris is usually used in data processing of GPS control network in general engineering application.For some low level control network, its accuracy met the basic requirements. But if the control network of the high accuracy, using the broadcast ephemeris is not easy to make the baseline qualified, and it can reach the precision is very difficult to meet the requirements.The precise ephemeris provided by IGS for data calculation, it can not only make the baseline qualified, but also can greatly improve the accuracy of data calculation.Through the static data collected for GPS receiver in a practical project. Do error analysis, data pre processing to the static date,and do the baseline solution using HGO software.Then compare with results that calculated using the precise ephemeris.The role and significance of precise ephemeris are obtained in practical engineering application, it provides guarantee for the national construction completed successfully.
1.Introduction
The great contribution of GPS brings to engineering measurement is the other tools and methods can not be replaced.Forexample,commonly used in engineering survey,the establishment of network, control precision of GPS engineering,real-time and dynamic monitoring of large engineering projects using GPS,for topographic map measurement usingRTK network technology.
IGS provides a variety of precise ephemeris data file. A common format is the SP3. Table 2.2 below is provided by the IGS satellite ephemeris and precision.
精度/cm
滞后时间
更新率
数据的时间间隔/min
广播星历
100
实时
超快星历（预报部分）
5
实时
1次/6h，UTC3h，9h，15h，21h
15
超快星历（实测部分）
3
3~9h
1次/6h，UTC3h，9h，15h，21h
15
快速星历
2.5Байду номын сангаас
17~41h
1次/d，UTC17h
15
最终星历
2.5
12~18d
1次/星期，每星期四发布
In the wild,with a good line of sight,and the surrounding circumstances permit.And using GPS you can carry on the conjunction of high grade control point as the primary control in engineering control network.Then the most concern is the GPS positioning accuracy can achieve what degree in engineering control network. Methods to improve positioning accuracy has a variety of, we can use the best data calculation software,such as MIT and SIO research and developed the GAMIT/GLOBK, and the use of the international GNSS (International GNSS Service) IGS precise ephemeris service provision. At present, the commercial random software users general to the IGS web site and download the freely available IGS products, that is precise ephemeris to improve the positioning precision of GPS control network. IGS provides the ephemeris is broadcast ephemeris, precise ephemeris (including ultra rapid orbits, rapid ephemeris, final ephemeris), using precise ephemeris files on the unified control network do baseline calculation and analysis of its results.
基于GPS精密星历的数据解算
DATA PROCESS BASED ON PRECISE EPHEMERIS OF GPS
摘要：一般的工程应用中GPS控制网通常采用的是广播星历进行数据解算，这对一些低等级的控制网，精度基本符合要求，但是若控制网的等级较高，工程的精度要求更为严格，利用广播星历就不容易使基线解算合格，精度也很难达到要求。利用IGS提供的精密星历对数据进行解算，不但可以使基线解算合格，还可以很大程度的提高数据解算的精度。通过对某实际工程GPS接收机采集到的静态数据进行误差来源分析、数据预处理，利用HGO软件进行基线解算并和加入精密星历后的基线解算结果进行对比分析，得出IGS精密星历在实际工程应用当中的作用和意义，为更好地完成国家建设提供保障。
3.GPS卫星星历的误差分析
卫星星历给出的卫星在空间所处的位置及运动速度信息与卫星实际位置和运动速度的差值称为卫星星历误差。广播星历是用参考时刻t0的轨道根数及其变化率（即任一时刻卫星的轨道参数）来描述卫星的运动轨道，然后由用户计算观测ti瞬间卫星在空间的位置和运动速度；IGS精密星历是以一定的时间间隔直接给出卫星的空间三维坐标及三维运动速度，用户利用不同方法（如切比雪夫多项式）进行内插后即可求得观测ti瞬间卫星在空间的位置和运动速度
Table 2.2 the GPS satellite ephemeris and precision provided by IGS.
Note:
1.the IGS ultra rapid products’releasing time is 3h, 9h, 15h and 21h of every UTC, 4 times a day, including 48h satellite orbit, the former 24h calculated according to the observation value, and 24h for orbit prediction;
北京 房山
长春
昆明
拉萨
上海 佘山
乌鲁木齐
武汉
西安 临潼（已停止）
乌鲁木齐
这些连续的GPS控制台向IGS分析中心提供丰富的GPS数据，最终获得精密轨道信息。
IGS提供各种精密星历数据文件，常见的为SP3格式，下表2.2是IGS提供的卫星星历及其精度。
表2.2 IGS提供的GPS卫星星历与其精度
卫星星历