大工11春《大学英语3》辅导资料四

大学英语3辅导资料四

主题：对Unit 3的重点单词、短语的讲解

学习时间：2011年5月2日－5月8日

内容：

NEW WORDS (对课文重点单词的解释)

1. abstract adj. 抽象的

e.g. Beauty is an abstract concept.（美是一种抽象概念。）

The machine is capable of abstract thought.（这个机器能进行抽象思维。）

2. adapt v.（使）适应

[搭配] adapt to

e.g. The children are finding it hard to adapt to their new school.（孩子们发觉很难适应新学校。）

We must adapt our methods to the new circumstances.（我们必须使我们的方法适应新情况。）

be well adapted to“特别适应”

e.g. Some birds are well adapted to life on water.（有些鸟很能适应水上生活。）[词性变化] adaptable adj. 能适应的，适应性很强的

e.g. I’m sure she’ll cope with the changes very well – she’s very adaptable.（我相信她会很妥善地应付这些变化——她的适应能力很强。）

3. alter v.（使）改变，变更

e.g. It’s still the same book. Only the cover has been altered.（这仍是同一本书，只是封面改了。）

The government’s policy on this hasn’t altered.（政府在这方面的政策并没有改变。）

4. capable adj. 有能力的

e.g. a very capable doctor（很高明的医生）

Don’t worry, she’s very capable.（不要担心，她很有能力。）

[搭配] capable of (doing) sth. 有能力做某事

e.g. The company isn’t capable of handling an order that large.（该公司没有能力应付那么大的订单。）

I don’t think Banks is capable of murder.（我不认为班克斯有能力实施谋杀。）[词性变化] capability n. 能力，才能

e.g. a child’s language capability（儿童的语言能力）

[搭配] capability to do sth.

e.g. A willingness and a capability to change are necessary to meet the market’s needs.（愿意并能够作出调整，这对于满足市场需求是很必要的。）

5. convenience n. 方便；便利

e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.（我们买这所房子是取其方便。）[词性变化] convenient adj. 方便的

e.g. What’s a convenient time for you?（你什么时间比较方便呢？）

I find going to the supermarket once a month the most convenient way to shop.（我发现一个月去一次超市购物最适合。）

6. conserve vt. 保护；保存

e.g. We must conserve our woodlands for future generations.（我们必须为子孙后代保护林地。）

methods of conserving electricity（节约用电的方法）

7. distinct adj. 截然不同的；明显的

e.g. The party split into two distinct groups.（该政党分裂成两个独立的团体。）

a distinct smell of burning（明显的焚烧气味）

8. evolution n. 进化；演变，发展

e.g. In the course of evolution, some birds have lost the power of flight.（在进化过程中，一些鸟丧失了飞行的能力。）

the evolution of the motor car（汽车的发展）

9. exploit vt.（充分）利用；开发

e.g. We must exploit the country’s mineral resources.（我们必须开发国家的矿产资源。）

[词性变化] exploitation n. 开发；利用

e.g. guidelines on the controlled exploitation of ocean resources（关于有节制地开发海洋资源的指导）

10. forbid vt. 禁止，不准

e.g. Smoking is strictly forbidden.（严禁吸烟。）

The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers.（法律禁止使用化学肥料。）[搭配] forbid someone to do something（禁止某人做某事）

e.g. He forbade her to tell anyone about it.（他不准她把这事告诉任何人。）

[词形变化]

forbid的过去式是forbade，过去分词是forbidden

11. means n. 方法

e.g. We now have the means to save most of these children.（我们现在有拯救大多数孩子的办法了。）

Use whatever means you think best.（用你认为最佳的方法。）

12. prey vt. 捕食

e.g. Cats prey on birds and mice.（猫捕食鸟和老鼠。）

[词性变化] prey还可以用作名词，意为“被捕食的猎物”。

e.g. a tiger stalking its prey（潜近猎物的老虎）

13. promote vt. 促进

e.g. Exercise promotes health.（锻炼可增进健康。）

The society’s aim is to promote peace and understanding between nations.（该协会旨在促进国与国之间的和平与理解。）

14. pose vt. 提出（某事）；引起（困难或问题）

[搭配] pose a question 提出问题（尤指需要仔细考虑的问题）

e.g. The first chapter poses the question: What constitutes a democracy?（第一章提出的问题是：民主国家是由什么构成的？）

pose a problem/threat/challenge etc. 导致问题/造成威胁/提出挑战等

e.g. Newton’s challenge poses no threat to the leadership.（牛顿的挑战对领导层不构成任何威胁。）

Rising unemployment is posing serious problems for the government.（不断上升的失业率正在给政府造成严重的困难。）

15. sustainable adj. 可持续的

e.g. sustainable development（可持续发展）

sustainable growth（持续增长）

[词性变化] 它的动词形式是sustain，意为“使（某事）持续”。

e.g. She owes her success to sustained hard work.（她把成功归功于坚持不懈的艰苦努力。）

16. virtually adv. 差不多；几乎

e.g. The dinner’s virtually ready. I’ve only got to make the salad.（饭菜差不多准备好了，我只要再做个沙拉就成了。）

It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.（精确预言未来的事几乎是不可能的。）

17. scale n. 规模；大小

e.g. He has gone into business on a large scale.（他从事大规模的生意。）

We are seeing unemployment on an unprecedented scale.（我们现在正经历规模空前的失业现象。）

EXPRESSIONS

1. interact with 相互作用，相互影响

e.g. Mother interacts with her baby in a complex way.（母亲与婴儿以非常复杂的方式相互影响。）

All things are interrelated and they interact with each other.（一切事物互相联系并互相影响。）

2. consist of 由……组成

e.g. A week consist of seven days.（一星期由七天组成。）

The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.（联合王国

由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。）

3. on the one hand ... on the other hand 一方面……另一方面……

e.g. On the one hand the job isn’t very well paid, but on the other hand I enjoy it.（一方面这个工作虽然工资不高，但另一个方面我喜欢做。）

On the one hand I have to work; on the other hand I have many visitors to see.（一方面我必须工作; 另一方面我有许多来宾要照看。）

4. come into being 出现，产生，形成

e.g. A car comes into being through a series of complex operations.（汽车经过一连串的复杂作业程序而制成。）

A new rule will soon come into being.（一个新规则很快就要出台了。）

5. burn down 烧得精光

e.g. Turn the gas off or you might burn the house down.（关上煤气，否则可能会把房子烧掉的。）

The house burnt down in half an hour.（那所房子在半小时之内就被焚为平地。）

6. in contrast to 与……相比

e.g. Mary was short and plump, in contrast to her mother who was tall and willowy.（玛丽又矮又胖，相比之下她母亲却高挑婀娜。）

The foreign visitors were wealthy and glamorous, in complete contrast to the poverty-stricken locals.（外国游客的富有和魅力与当地人的贫困形成了鲜明的对比。）

统考例题

1. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy ______ for her examination.

A. to prepare

B. to be prepared

C. preparing

D. being prepared

解析：busy的用法是be busy with sth.和be busy doing sth.，本题中可以说she was busy with her examination或she was busy preparing for her examination，所以选择C。

2. The computer doesn’t work well, so something ________ wrong.

A. can have gone

B. should have gone

C. must have gone

D. ought to have gone

解析：此题的考点是情态动词must与have done的搭配。这一结构表示对过去情况有把握的猜测，具有“肯定、一定”的意思，所以选择C。

3. Although Mary is satisfied with her success, she wonders _____ will happen to her private life.

A. how

B. who

C. what

D. that

解析：此题的考点是宾语从句的连接词。wonder后接宾语从句，该宾语从句由what来引导，所以选择C。

4. If the whole program _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

A. was not planned

B. were not planned

C. would not be planned

D. had not been planned

解析：本题考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反的假设，句型为：If +主语+ had +动词过去分词，主语+would/could/should/might + have + 动词过去分词。例如：If I had known your address, I would have written to you.（假如我知道你的地址，我早就写信给你了。）所以选择D。

5. I am very grea tly to you for what you’ve given me and _______ you have done for me.

A. which

B. that

C. all what

D. all that

解析：此题的考点定语从句关系代词。all后面的定语从句的引导词只能是that，不能用其它。所以选择D。

练习题

1. —When shall we meet again?

—______ it any day you like. It’s all the same to me.

A. Do

B. Get

C. Meet

D. Make

2. Mary told me that she _______ to the supermarket before coming home.

A. went

B. had gone

C. has gone

D. goes

3. Although he did not know London well，he made his way _____ to the airport.

A. easy enough

B. enough

C. easily enough

D. enough easily

4. Give me your telephone number ______ I need your help.

A. whether

B. unless

C. so that

D. in case

5. Y ou shouldn’t ______ your time like that, Bob. Y ou have to finish your school work tonight.

A. cut

B. do

C. kill

D. kick

答案：1. D 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C