14维多利亚时代诗歌

• 我决心饮尽生命之杯。 • 不论在岸上或海上， 当带来雨季的毕宿星团催动 激流滚滚，扬起灰暗的海波。
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I am become a name; For always roaming with a hungry heart Much have I seen and known,-- cities of men And manners, climates, councils, governments, Myself not least, but honor'd of them all,-And drunk delight of battle with my peers, Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy.
the death of Arthur Henry Hallam relations between religion and science
His Major Poetical Works
• Theme 2: mythological past
12 metrical tales
Idylls of the King
《国王之歌》 1850—1885
King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table
Malory’s Morte d’Arthur
―Ulysses‖
• written in 1833, published in 1842 • Form: dramatic monologue
• the lines are in blank verse (unrhymed iambic pentameter)
• many lines are enjambed (a thought does not end with
the line-break)
• Four sections, each comprising a distinct thematic unit
• Dante’s Ulysses: in Canto XXVI of the Inferno:
• Ulysses finds himself restless in Ithaca and driven by ―the longing I had to gain experience of the world.‖ Dante’s Ulysses is a tragic figure who dies while sailing too far in an insatiable thirst for knowledge.
• Tennyson’s Ulysses: also an elegy for a friend.
• Ulysses symbolizes the grieving poet, proclaiming his resolution to push onward and face the struggle of life.
English literature
Week 15
Victorian poets
• Alfred Tennyson • Robert Browning
Dramatic monologue
• A dramatic monologue is a piece of spoken verse that offers great insight into the feelings of the speaker. • Dramatic monologue is different from a soliloquy in a play (a soliloquy in a play: the character speaking speaks to himself; dramatic monologues suggest an auditor or auditors.
• 而全部经验，也只是一座拱门， 尚未游历的世界在门外闪光， 而随着我一步一步的前进， 它的边界也不断向后退让。
• How dull it is to pause, to make an end, To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use! As tho' to breathe were life! Life piled on life Were all too little, and of one to me Little remains; but every hour is saved From that eternal silence, something more, A bringer of new things; and vile it were For some three suns to store and hoard myself, And this gray spirit yearning in desire To follow knowledge like a sinking star, Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.
Ulysses in literary context
• 1. the ancient hero of Homer’s Odyssey • Odysseus, king of Ithaca. Odysseus is renowned for his guile and resourcefulness, and is hence known by the epithet Odysseus the Cunning. He is most famous for the ten eventful years he took to return home after the ten-year Trojan War. • Penelope: symbol of faithfulness. After almost twenty years of waiting for her husband to return to Ithaca, Penelope was forced to agree to wed one of the many suitors that had occupied her palace, and promised to make a decision once she had finished weaving a shroud for Laertes. Weaving during the day, she stayed up tearing it up at night to delay the moment, but was discovered and just about to make the choice when Odysseus finally turned up, killing or chasing away the suitors.
• 2. the medieval hero of Dante’s Inferno • 3. a novel by James Joyce • It is considered one of the most important works of Modernist literature. • (Leopold Bloom--Ulysses, Molly Bloom— Penelope, Stephen Dedalus—Telemachus)
• Dramatic monologues are favoured by many poets in the Victorian period, in which a character in fiction or in history delivers a speech explaining his or her feelings, actions, or motives. • The monologue is usually directed toward a silent audience, with the speaker's words influenced by a critical situation.
• 这太无谓——当一个闲散的君主 安居家中，在这个嶙峋的岛国． 我与年老的妻子相匹，颁布着 不公的法律，治理野蛮的种族，—— 他们吃、睡、收藏，而不理解我。
• I cannot rest from travel; I will drink Life to the lees. All times I have enjoy'd Greatly, have suffer'd greatly, both with those That loved me, and alone; on shore, and when Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea.
• 最可厌的是 把自己长期封存、贮藏起来， 让我灰色的灵魂徒然渴望 在人类思想最远的边界之外 追求知识．像追求沉没的星星
• This is my son, mine own Telemachus, To whom I leave the scepter and the isle,-Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfill This labor, by slow prudence to make mild A rugged people, and thro' soft degrees Subdue them to the useful and the good. Most blameless is he, centered in the sphere Of common duties, decent not to fail In offices of tenderness, and pay Meet adoration to my household gods, When I am gone. He works his work, I mine.
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Alfred Tennyson (1806—1892)
丁 尼 生
Poet laureate after Wordsworth.
His Major Poetical Works
• Theme 1:n Memoriam
《悼念》 1833—1850
• Homer’s Ulysses: in Scroll Ⅺ of the Odyssey
• Odysseus learns from a prophecy that he will take a final sea voyage after killing the suitors of his wife Penelope.
• It little profits that an idle king, By this still hearth, among these barren crags, Match'd with an aged wife, I mete and dole Unequal laws unto a savage race, That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.
• 在遥远而多风的特洛亚战场， 我曾陶醉于与敌手作战的欢欣。
• I am a part of all that I have met; Yet all experience is an arch wherethro' Gleams that untravell'd world whose margin fades For ever and for ever when I move.