专业词汇

一、矿物一般用语

晶体crystal

晶质crystalline

非晶质的amorphous；noncrystalline

结晶度crystallinity

结晶（作用）crystallization

重结晶（作用）recrystallization

结晶学crystallography

轴角axial angle

轴面axial plane；pinacoid

对称symmetry

不对称asymmetry

晶面符号crystal face symbol

晶系crystal system

晶面crystal face

单斜晶系monoclinic system

单斜结构monoclinic structure

三斜晶系triclinic system

三斜结构triclinic structure

三维网状three-dimensional framework

三维晶体结构three-dimensional crystal structure 双晶twin

晶体习性crystal habit

晶格lattice

晶胞crystal cell

单胞unit cell

配位数coordination number

晶体缺陷crystal defect

晶体结构crystal structure

均质isotropic

非均质anisotropic

衍射diffraction

衍射强度diffraction intensity

衍射角diffraction angle

衍射仪diffractometer

X射线衍射图谱X-ray diffraction pattern

峰基线peak base

峰高peak height

峰形peak shape

特征峰characteristic peak

差热分析differential thermal analysis

电子衍射electron diffraction

电子探针electron probe；electron microprobe 离子探针ionic probe

热重量分析gravitational thermal analysis

红外光谱infrared spectrum

中子衍射neutron diffraction

电子显微镜electron microscope

二、层状硅酸盐矿物及其结构

铝硅酸盐aluminosilicate

层状硅酸盐phyllosilicate；layer silicate

无定形物质amorphous material

片状结构sheet structure

晶格畸变distortion of crystal lattice；lattice deformation；lattice distortion 晶体结构的变化variation in crystal structure

结构单元structural unit

四面体tetrahedral

八面体octahedron

硅四面体（硅氧四面体）silica tetrahedral

四面体架状结构tetrahedral framework

单一四面体构造single tetrahedron structure

双四面体构造double tetrahedron structure

环状结构ring structure

链状结构chain structure

结构孔道structural channel

晶格的空位empty position of crystal lattice

三、胶体的表面性质

胶体colloid；colloform

胶体的colloidal

胶体形态colloidal form

胶态colloidal state

胶体物质colloidal material；colloidal matter

胶体性质colloidal property

有机胶体organic colloid

无机胶体inorganic colloid

亲水胶体hydrophilic colloid

疏水胶体hydrophobic colloid

胶体混合物colloid admixture

胶化作用colloidization

胶体溶液（胶态溶液）colloidal solution

胶体悬浮体（胶体悬液）colloidal suspension

悬浮胶体suspensoid；suspension colloid

悬浮体系suspension system

胶体体系colloidal system

永久电荷胶体permanent charge colloid

恒表面电位胶体constant surface potential colloid

恒表面电荷胶体constant surface charge colloid 胶体沉淀colloidal precipitate

胶体运动colloidal movement

胶体稳定性colloidal stability

比表面积specific surface area

外表面积external surface area

内表面积internal surface area

羟基hydroxyl group

羟基化作用hydroxylation

质子化作用protonation

酚基phenolic group

醌基quinine group

荷电界面charged interface

带电表面（荷电表面）charged surface

表面反应surface reaction

表面作用（表面行为）surface behavior

表面化学反应surface chemical reaction

表面特性surface characteristic

液固界面liquid-solid interface

固液界面solid-liquid interface

界面反应interface reaction

表面电荷特性surface charge characteristic

净表面电荷net surface charge

层电荷layer charge

点电荷point charge

表观电荷apparent charge

单位电荷unit charge

反电荷opposite charge

基本电荷elementary charge

断边电荷broken edge charge

质子电荷proton charge

剩余电荷residual charge

局部电荷localized charge

交换电荷exchange charge

空间电荷space charge

混合电荷mixed charge

自具电荷self-charge

离子电荷ionic charge

自由电荷free charge

有效电荷effective charge

净扩散电荷net diffuse charge

扩散电荷diffuse charge

总电荷overall charge