话轮转换

Turn- allocation component
• Turns are pre-allocated • Turns are not pre-allocated(casual conversation)
• In a formal debate or in a legal courtroom where there are very strict rules determining who talks at what time.
How do participants “select” the next speaker?
• Next turn is allocated by current
speaker’s selecting next speaker.
• Next turn is allocated by self-selection.
Transition relevance place
• The end of such a unit is a transition relevance place, or TRP, the possible structural completion spot of a oneword lexicon, phrase, clause, or full sentence. The TRP signals a place where a speaker- change is very likely to occur.
8.3 Turntaking organization
• Turn-taking refers to the process by which people in a conversation decide who is to speak next. Turn taking is an essential part of the organization of conversation. Knowing when to take the turn is the vital to keep the conversation going.
Turn –taking system
• Turn constructional units • Turn allocation components • Turn-taking rules
What iLeabharlann a turn?A turn is composed of at least one turn- constructional unit(TCU), any unit type projectable in the language. By “projectable” we mean that the hearer can guess when the speaker is likely to end his talk. In other words, a turn is a chance to speak.
Examples
• Sara: Ben you want some ( )? Ben: Well alright I’ ll have a ,((pause). Sara: Bill you want some? Bill: No.
• A: Did she bring a box of chocolates? B: A box of what? A: A box of chocolates.
Examples
• Desk: What is your last name //Damon. • Caller: //Salvatore. • Desk: What ? • Caller: Salvatore.
Analysis
In this example, Desk asks Caller a question followed by a vocative, the first name of Caller, which is optional under the circumstance, as the question already forms a complete idea.