翻译概论课件..

An American girl fell in love with her Chinese classmate, but the young man didn’t share her feelings. 一个美国女孩爱上了她的中国同学，但 是那个年轻人却和她的感觉不一样。
一个美国女孩爱上了她的中国同学，可 惜她只是一厢情愿。
鲁迅：“真好像做苦工，日子不好过”、 “字典不离手，冷汗不离身”。 傅雷：我译文的风格，令自己深以为苦，虽 已尽全力，却永远达不到满意的完美程 度……我尽量尝试译得忠于原文，而又不失 艺术性，务使译文看来似中文创作，惜仍然 力不从心。翻译之难，比起演奏家之演绎往 昔大师的杰作，实在不遑多让。
Practice 1
Practice 2
注意划线词的褒贬 下场 The subject for discussion was Sadam’s future. They predicted the youth would have a bright future. 前途 John was an agreesive salesman who did his job well. 积极进取 SadFra Baidu bibliotekm pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 侵略性的 He was too obviously flattering the boss by saying the boss was a great man.拍…的马屁 The teacher felt greatly flattered when we presented her a bunch of flower.
钱钟书: “文学翻译的最高标准是‘化’。把 作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能 因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹， 又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入于 ‘化境’” （transmigration）
For God’s sake let us sit upon the ground and tell sad stories of the death of kings. 坐地而叹古来君主鲜善终。 Marriage or waving comes or goes by destiny. 婚嫁有命。 Criteria for beginners：忠实与通顺 Faithfulness Smoothness
The boy is drawing a cart.（拉、拽or 画？） It’s time to go aboard. (上火车or上飞机 or上船？）
2.根据上下文语气，态度确定词义 We hope Mr. White will not forget himself, gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN. May do whatever he likes. 忘乎所以 We hope our most respected Secretery General will not forget himself, his poor health is known to everyboday. 劳累过度，忘我工作 He wrote a letter to his friend. 写信 Premier Zhu wrote a letter to American President. 致函
Translation Criteria
严复: “信、达、雅” (faithfulness,
expressiveness, elegance)
鲁迅：宁信而不顺 傅雷: “以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样， 所求的不在形似而在神似。” （spiritual
conformity/resemblance in spirit ）
英汉词法翻译
1.根据语境确定词义 英语中一词多义、汉语中一字多义，这 是常见的语言现象。这就需要我们依靠 具体的上下文来判断某一个字或词语的 意义。
right
And not only has won, but because it has won, has been in the right. Adj.正义的 Might is right. n.公理 She tried her best to right her husband from the charge of robbery. Vt.申冤 You are quite right to refuse. Adj. 正确的 All came right in the end. Adv. 顺利
对译者的要求
1） 扎实的语言基本功。 2） 具有丰富的文化知识 。 3） 熟悉翻译理论和常用技巧，善于灵活运用各种翻 译技巧。 4） 熟悉各种工具书。 5）“译”精于勤。 （1） 依照词语---句子---段落---语篇的顺序； （2） 选择不同题材和体裁的练习材料； （3） 难易循序渐进； （4） 译文反复修改，不断提高译文质量； （5） 选择有参考译文的文本，进行对比学习； （6） 可请别人修改或校正。
上
上班 to go to work; to be on duty 上报 to appear in the newspapers 上场 to appear on the stage [court] 上当 to be taken in 上吊 to hang oneself 上冻 to freeze 上瘾 to be addicted (to sth)
随函附上2角钱邮票一张。Enclosed herewith is a 20-fen stamp. 这一盘你上。You play this game. 一连上了好几道菜。Several courses were served in succession. 行李还没上架。The luggage has not been put on the rack yet. 这事已上了电视。It has been publicized on TV.
上轨道 to get on the right track 上火 to get angry 上进 to make progress 上课 to attend class 上路 to set out on a journey 上年纪 to be getting on in years 上任 to take up an official post 上台 to come to power
A COURSE OF TRANSLATION
[ENTER]
翻译概论
What is translation？
译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。 （贾公彦 ）
“to turn into one’s own or another language.” （Webster’s Dictionary ） Translating it is that opens the window, to let in the light; that breaks the shell, that we may eat the kernel. (Steiner)
books
《英汉互译实用教程（第四版）》，郭著章、 李庆生 编著，武汉大学出版社，2011年。
《新编汉英翻译教程》，陈宏薇 编著，上海外 语教育出版社，2004年。 《新编英汉翻译教程》，孙致礼 编著，上海 外语教育出版社，2003年。 《文化语境与语言翻译》，包惠南 著，中国 对外翻译出版公司，2001年 《研究生英语实用翻译教程(第二版) 》，许建 平著，中国人民大学出版社 ，2008年 《杨必译文集（2）名利场》，译林出版社, 19 94年 Fortress Besieged，Translated by Jeanne Kelly and Nathan K. Mao，外语教学与研究出版 社 ，2003年
不过偶然也有几个死人当得起石匠刻在 他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒、 慈爱的父母、孝顺的儿女、贤良的妻子、 尽职的丈夫。（杨必Vanity Fair《名利 场》）
Enjoy free medical care 享受 Enjoy advantages 具备 Enjoy national protection 受到 Enjoy mass support 得到 Enjoy access to internet 有机会，能够 Enjoy prosperity 处于 Enjoy a special place 占有 Enjoy a revival 获得 Enjoy a fine day 好天气，天气晴朗 Enjoy constant attention 受到，一直为人们所关注
3.根据话题确定词义 Messenger: 信使，遗传工程学上指“一 种传递信息的化学物质 Carrier:携带者，生物、医学上指 “带 菌体” Shuttle: 纺织行业的“梭子”，航天方 面的“航天飞机”、“穿梭机”
4.根据汉语搭配习惯确定词义
She proves to be a good listener. 她在课堂上认真听讲。 她是个遵守公共秩序的/忠实的听众。 她善于听取群众的意见。
The union had very little say in the new pay agreement. n 发言权 The pole-vaulter bettered the world record by six inches.
Vt 使…改善，使…变得更好，刷新，提高
run
run across 跑过 偶然碰见 run away 跑开 失去控制 run in 跑进 陷于；偶然碰见 run out 跑出 被用完；将尽 run over 跑过 满出，溢出 run a race 参加赛跑 run for presidency 竞选总统
The tower of Babel / Babel
巴别塔、通天塔、巴比伦塔（圣经· 旧约· 创世记）
And the Lord said, “Look, they are one people, and they have all one language; this is only the beginning of what will do; nothing that they propose to do will be impossible for them. Come, let us go down, and confuse their language there, so that they will not understand one another's speech.”
smoothness
---“What do you think of the man?” ---“You’ve stolen my question!” —“你怎么看这个人？” —“你偷了我的问题！”
She kept her hands clasped on mine a moment longer than was necessary. 她紧握着我的手，比必要的时间长一点。 她紧握着我的手，没有马上松开。
run into debt 负债 run one’s head into a wall 撞南墙，碰壁 The idea runs in his mind. 这个念头萦绕在 他的脑海里。 The street runs north. 大街向北延伸。 The news runs rapidly in the town. 这个消 息迅速在镇上传开。
run to extremes 走向极端 run the streets 流浪街头 run a car 驾驶小汽车 run a factory 办工厂 run oil 提炼石油 run to 跑到 （数量等）达到 run on 不停地跑 讲个不停，喋喋不休 run sb into difficulties 使某人陷入困境 run the risk of 冒着……的危险
Yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life, who is really deserving of the praise the stone cutter curves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, a good child, a good wife or a good husband.