根际促生细菌的生产和应用现状及发展趋势-终极版

根际促生细菌的概述及生产应用

现状和发展趋势

——“微生物肥料”学学习论文

根际促生细菌的概述及生产应用现状和发展趋势

摘要

随着世界人口的迅猛增长，耕地减少，粮食危机、食品安全及环境污染己成为人们关注的热点。氮、磷、钾素的供应状况是其实现潜在生产能力、发挥生态效能的主要因子之一。为了满足植物生长所需的氮、磷、钾等营养元素，工业化肥一直被认为是实现这一目的的主要途径。然而，随着化肥施用量的增加，一方面会增加农业成本，另一方面造成对环境的危害，同时破坏了土壤结构、微生物区系和多样性等。人们为了维护自身生存的生态环境和食品安全，减少对工业化肥的依赖，一直在努力探寻新的生物生态肥源，以替代或部分替代工业化肥。

近20年来，随着生物技术等新技术的不断进步，微生物肥料的研究与应用有了很大的发展⋯，在我国也有微生物肥料应用方面的很多报道。根际促生菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, 缩写PGPR)是研究热点。近年来的研究表明，植物根际促生细菌不但可以固定空气中的氮气，溶解土壤中不能被植物直接吸收的磷素，释放铝硅酸盐矿物中的钟素，而且还可分泌植物生长调节物质，促进植物根系生长，增强植物抗病能力。将促进植物生长菌作为生物肥料的接种剂，与化肥相比具有成本低，使用安全，持续效果好，增产稳定，非再生能源消耗少，对环境、食品安全，经济效益高等特点，同时可以改善土壤结构，提高土壤有机质含量，改良盐碱地，保持农牧业生态系统的平衡，实现农牧业生产的可持续发展。发达国家重点致力于筛选和利用生物技术构建高效PGPR菌株，研制有PGPR功能的新型微生物肥料。PGPR作为最具防病潜力与应用价值的一类生防菌，不仅能够促进植物生长，增加作物的产量，还能提高防病能力，因而成为许多学者研究的对象。大量的研究事实证明了PGPR处理植物后能达到促进生长与防治病害的目的。本文主要论述了根际促生细菌的分类、特征和功能应用，旨在为我国微生物肥料的研究生产增加新的研究方向和促进环境保护的和谐发展。

关键词：根际促生细菌；土壤；微生物肥料；生产应用；发展趋势

Key words:

PGPR;soil; Microbial fertilizer; The production and application; Development trend

Abstract

With the rapid growth of the world's population, cultivated land change, the food crisis, food safety and environmental pollution has

become the focus in people. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

supply condition is its realization potential production capacity,

the main factors play one of ecological efficiency. In order to meet the plants need to grow nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients, industrial chemical fertilizer was thought to realize this aim is the main way. However, with the increase of chemical

fertilizer, on one hand, will increase agricultural cost, the other cause damage to the environment, and destroyed the harm of soil structure, the microflora and diversity, etc. People in order to maintain their own survival ecological environment and food safety

and reducing the dependence of industrial chemical fertilizer, has been trying to find new biological ecology FeiYuan to completely or partly replace industrial chemical fertilizer.

Over the past 20 years, with the new technology such as biological technology advances, the research and application of microbial fertilizers has greatly developed in China, also have. Many of the application of microbial fertilizers reports. The rhizosphere grows fungus (placing an abbreviation for rhizobacteria, have - PGPR) is hotspot. Recent studies show that plant rhizosphere grows bacteria

can not only fixed the air in the soil, dissolved nitrogen absorbed

by plants cannot directly phosphorus, the ZhongSu aluminum silicate minerals release, but also can secrete plant growth regulating substances, promote plant root growth, enhance plant resistance. Will promote plant growth bacteria as the inoculum biological fertilizer, compared with fertilizers with lower cost, the use of safe,

continuous effect is good, increase stability, the renewable energy consumption, on the environment, food safety, and the economic

benefit is higher characteristic, also can improve the soil structure, improve the content of soil organic matter, improved the saline-alkali, maintain the balance of the ecosystem agriculture, to realize the sustainable development of agriculture production. Developed countries focus using biotechnology to screening and constructing efficient PGPR strains of PGPR function, develop a new microorganism fertilizer. As the most potential PGPR prevention with the

application value kind of bio-control bacteria, can not only promote plant growth, and increasing crop production, but also can improve

the ability to resist many scholars, so it becomes the object of