英语句子结构分析 ppt
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英语句子成分和 英语句子结构讲
解及练习
1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数
词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足 语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词 化的分词）
The question is whether they will come.
（
（表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look （看起来）, feel(摸起来)，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉），become, turn, get , grow…
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分， 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.
（名词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）
He is asleep.
（形容词）
His father is in.
（副词）
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for
me last week. ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us
I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语
Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in
谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述， 表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动 词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
exam. • I like some of you very much. • If you study hard, you will pass the exam. • He goes to school by bike. • Though he is young, he can do it well.
• ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
8. 同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、 说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位 的句子成分叫同位语。
Mr Lin, our headmaster , is giving us a speech. Beijing , capital of China , is developing fast. The engineer himself repaired it . We all got angry. We two will go to see you . The news that he will come is true.
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. （介词短语）
Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the
从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾
（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money
• (七) 挑出下列句中的状语
• ① There was a big smile on her face.
• ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
• ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
• ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
去分词）
• I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） • You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
• (六) 挑出下列句中的定语
• ① What is your given name?
• ② On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
• ③ I talked with a men dressed in blue T-shirt.
• ④ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
• 7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、 地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
3. 宾语Baidu Nhomakorabea1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名
词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词 之后。如：
• I will go there tomorrow. • The meeting will be held in the meeting room. • The meat went bad because of the hot
weather. • He studies hard to learn English well. • He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the
lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
(五) 划出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the readingroom.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(四) 划出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
• 6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
• Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） • He is our friend. （代词） • We belong to the third world.（数词） • He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） • The man over there is my old friend.(副词) • The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) • The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） • The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过
解及练习
1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数
词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
history next term. ④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足 语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名词）
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词 化的分词）
The question is whether they will come.
（
（表语从句）
（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look （看起来）, feel(摸起来)，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉），become, turn, get , grow…
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分， 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.
（名词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）
He is asleep.
（形容词）
His father is in.
（副词）
The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for
me last week. ③ Mr. Li is going to teach us
I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语
Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in
谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述， 表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动 词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
exam. • I like some of you very much. • If you study hard, you will pass the exam. • He goes to school by bike. • Though he is young, he can do it well.
• ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
8. 同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、 说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位 的句子成分叫同位语。
Mr Lin, our headmaster , is giving us a speech. Beijing , capital of China , is developing fast. The engineer himself repaired it . We all got angry. We two will go to see you . The news that he will come is true.
We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 )
Please make yourself at home. （介词短语）
Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） His father advised him to teach the
从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词----介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾
（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money
• (七) 挑出下列句中的状语
• ① There was a big smile on her face.
• ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
• ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
• ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
去分词）
• I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） • You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
• (六) 挑出下列句中的定语
• ① What is your given name?
• ② On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
• ③ I talked with a men dressed in blue T-shirt.
• ④ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
• 7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、 地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以下例句按上述顺序排列）
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon
3. 宾语Baidu Nhomakorabea1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名
词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词 之后。如：
• I will go there tomorrow. • The meeting will be held in the meeting room. • The meat went bad because of the hot
weather. • He studies hard to learn English well. • He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the
lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式） Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
(五) 划出下列句中的宾语补足语
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the readingroom.
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(四) 划出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
② People all over the world speak English.
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
• 6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
• Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） • He is our friend. （代词） • We belong to the third world.（数词） • He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） • The man over there is my old friend.(副词) • The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) • The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） • The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过