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The most common rare-earth dopant in silica glass fiber is ytterbium (Yb3+), which is becoming the geometry of choice for high-power fiber lasers for its high efficiency and low heat effect.
E-mail address: fiberlaser@126.com.
0030-4026/$ – see front matter © 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.06.021
A fiber laser based on an ordinary doped single-mode fiber can generate a diffraction-limited output, but it restricts the pump sources to those with diffraction-limited beam quality and thus normally to those with low power. On the other hand, the use of multimode fibers usually leads to poor beam quality. This dilemma has been resolved with the invention of DCFL. Here, the laser light propagates in a single-mode (or multimode) core, which is surrounded by an inner-clad in which the pump light propagates. Only the core (or sometimes a ring around the core) is rare-earth-doped. The pump light is restricted to the inner-clad by an outer-clad with lower refractive index, and also partly propagates in the core, where it can be absorbed by the laser-active ions. Improvement in high-power multimode diode combined with double-clad fiber technology permit DCFLs to be very efficient and promising.
websites are prohibited.
In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:
3. Theoretical model
Since the fiber length is much larger than the fiber cross section, the capability of heat dissipation from the fiber end facet is a lot lower than that from the fiber side. Therefore the transverse temperature distributions in the DCF at room temperature are gov-
abstract
The 3D temperature distribution in high-power double-clad fiber laser (DCFL) and the evolution of the temperature field in the fiber are analyzed, according to the transient heat conduction equation. The temperature in the fiber reaches the maximum after opening the pump light about 20 s, and cools down to the room temperature after shutting down for also about 20 s. The shape of the inner-clad can only affect the spacial distribution of the temperature outside of the core, but have no effect on the maximum temperature in the core.
Three-dimensional simulation of the temperature field in higBaidu Nhomakorabea-power double-clad fiber laser
Dong Xue
Physics and Electronic Engineering Department, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277100, China
However, most DCFs made to date use polymer as the outer-clad material in order to achieve the desired high numerical aperture. These polymers have much poorer thermal stability than glass. In high-power applications, the polymer near the inner–outer-clad interface can easily burn or gradually degrade during the highpower pump.
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
Author's personal copy
Optik 122 (2011) 932–935
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Optik
journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/ijleo
and sharing with colleagues.
Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party
article info
Article history: Received 13 December 2009 Accepted 11 June 2010
Keywords: Double-clad Fiber laser Temperature field Transient heat conduction equation
2. Structure of the fiber laser
The configuration of a typical Yb-doped DCFL under CW end pump is schematically shown in Fig. 1. Both ends of the fiber were perpendicularly cleaved relative to the fiber axis. The fiber was cladding-pumped by high-power diode stacks. Dichroic mirrors are attached at input and output ends of the fiber to pass the pump light and reflect the laser output [2].
© 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
high-power fiber lasers are now mature products and have numerous applications in medical, military, industrial processing and modern telecommunication because of some unique advantages including high conversion efficiency, excellent beam quality, less thermal effect, small volume and weight, etc. [1–3]. In the continuous-wave (cw) regim, Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser (DCFL) with an output power of 1.36 kW has been reported by using large mode area (LMA) fibers [3]. Although the thermal effects can be ignored in low-power fiber lasers, the heat dissipation is an important feature and affects laser performance in kilowatt power domain [4,5]. So the thermal effect in high-power fiber laser attracted much attention recently [6,7]. However, few investigations focus on the evolution of the temperature and the influence of the inner-clad shape. In this paper, a theoretical and numerical analysis of 3D temperature field is investigated by solving the transient heat conduction equation.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution
Author's personal copy
E-mail address: fiberlaser@126.com.
0030-4026/$ – see front matter © 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.06.021
A fiber laser based on an ordinary doped single-mode fiber can generate a diffraction-limited output, but it restricts the pump sources to those with diffraction-limited beam quality and thus normally to those with low power. On the other hand, the use of multimode fibers usually leads to poor beam quality. This dilemma has been resolved with the invention of DCFL. Here, the laser light propagates in a single-mode (or multimode) core, which is surrounded by an inner-clad in which the pump light propagates. Only the core (or sometimes a ring around the core) is rare-earth-doped. The pump light is restricted to the inner-clad by an outer-clad with lower refractive index, and also partly propagates in the core, where it can be absorbed by the laser-active ions. Improvement in high-power multimode diode combined with double-clad fiber technology permit DCFLs to be very efficient and promising.
websites are prohibited.
In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit:
3. Theoretical model
Since the fiber length is much larger than the fiber cross section, the capability of heat dissipation from the fiber end facet is a lot lower than that from the fiber side. Therefore the transverse temperature distributions in the DCF at room temperature are gov-
abstract
The 3D temperature distribution in high-power double-clad fiber laser (DCFL) and the evolution of the temperature field in the fiber are analyzed, according to the transient heat conduction equation. The temperature in the fiber reaches the maximum after opening the pump light about 20 s, and cools down to the room temperature after shutting down for also about 20 s. The shape of the inner-clad can only affect the spacial distribution of the temperature outside of the core, but have no effect on the maximum temperature in the core.
Three-dimensional simulation of the temperature field in higBaidu Nhomakorabea-power double-clad fiber laser
Dong Xue
Physics and Electronic Engineering Department, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang 277100, China
However, most DCFs made to date use polymer as the outer-clad material in order to achieve the desired high numerical aperture. These polymers have much poorer thermal stability than glass. In high-power applications, the polymer near the inner–outer-clad interface can easily burn or gradually degrade during the highpower pump.
http://www.elsevier.com/copyright
Author's personal copy
Optik 122 (2011) 932–935
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Optik
journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/ijleo
and sharing with colleagues.
Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party
article info
Article history: Received 13 December 2009 Accepted 11 June 2010
Keywords: Double-clad Fiber laser Temperature field Transient heat conduction equation
2. Structure of the fiber laser
The configuration of a typical Yb-doped DCFL under CW end pump is schematically shown in Fig. 1. Both ends of the fiber were perpendicularly cleaved relative to the fiber axis. The fiber was cladding-pumped by high-power diode stacks. Dichroic mirrors are attached at input and output ends of the fiber to pass the pump light and reflect the laser output [2].
© 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
high-power fiber lasers are now mature products and have numerous applications in medical, military, industrial processing and modern telecommunication because of some unique advantages including high conversion efficiency, excellent beam quality, less thermal effect, small volume and weight, etc. [1–3]. In the continuous-wave (cw) regim, Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser (DCFL) with an output power of 1.36 kW has been reported by using large mode area (LMA) fibers [3]. Although the thermal effects can be ignored in low-power fiber lasers, the heat dissipation is an important feature and affects laser performance in kilowatt power domain [4,5]. So the thermal effect in high-power fiber laser attracted much attention recently [6,7]. However, few investigations focus on the evolution of the temperature and the influence of the inner-clad shape. In this paper, a theoretical and numerical analysis of 3D temperature field is investigated by solving the transient heat conduction equation.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution
Author's personal copy