不同生态条件下栽植方式对中籼迟熟杂交稻组合Ⅱ优498氮素积累与分配的影响

Effects of Planting Methods on Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution of Mid-Late Indica Hybrid Rice Combination You 498 Under Different Ecological Conditions
2012,45(20):4310-4325 Scientia Agricultura Sinica
doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.20.021
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不同生态条件下栽植方式对中籼迟熟杂交稻组合 Ⅱ优 498 氮素积累与分配的影响
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摘要： 【目的】明确水稻氮素积累特性及生产效率与生态条件、栽植方式及二者互作效应的关系。 【方法】采 用随机区组多点试验设计，研究了秧龄和移栽方式对四川不同生态稻区水稻氮素积累、分配及生产效率的影响。 【结果】3 个生态点中，高光照、低土壤肥力的仁寿点，其植株含氮量和氮素积累量较低，氮素生产效率及收获 指数则显著高于雅安和郫县。不同栽植方式间，50 d 秧龄移栽提高了拔节-抽穗阶段氮素积累速率和积累量，促 进抽穗后叶片和茎鞘氮素转运；单苗优化定抛加快了拔节前和抽穗后氮素积累，提高植株氮素总量。相关分析表 明，仁寿水稻产量与播种-拔节阶段氮素积累量和叶片氮素转运呈显著水平以上正相关；郫县产量与抽穗 -成熟阶 段氮素积累量呈显著正相关；雅安有效穗数与成熟期植株含氮量显著正相关，颖花数与茎鞘氮素转运量显著正相 关。 【结论】长秧龄单苗优化定抛提高了仁寿和郫县水稻植株氮素积累总量，增产显著；长秧龄单苗手插则能协调 雅安水稻氮素积累与分配，确保稳产高产。 关键词：水稻；生态条件；栽植方式；氮素积累；氮素分配
0 引言
[1-2] [3]
498
[2]
[4-5]
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验材料 -32A 498 1.2 试验地点 2011 3 1 2 498
[6-7] [9-11] [15-16] [12-13] [14]
[8]
[3,17]
表 1 试验点分布情况及气象资料 Table 1 Distribution and meteorological condition of experimental locations
4312 表 2 生态点土壤理化性状 Table 2
Location
45
Soil conditions of experimental locations
pH Rice soil arent material 6.76 Soil type Organic matter (g· kg-1) 18.67 22.91 40.31 Total N content (g· kg-1) 0.82 1.41 1.97 Total P content (g· kg-1) 0.24 0.11 0.33 Total K content (g· kg-1) 20.48 32.35 29.11 57.84 84.65 99.89 13.20 91.62 25.75 119.03 209.46 127.77 Available N Available P Available K (mg· kg-1) (mg· kg-1) (mg· kg-1)
[18]
4.0 m 3.5 m 14.0 m2 30 d A1 50 d B1 B4 =5 5 20 g· m-2 3 A2 2 =6 =6 4 4 N P 2 O5 K2O =7 2 3 1 2
4 22.5 11.25 3 /hm
2
26.7 cm
2
16.7 cm
/hm
33.3 cm 26.7 cm 6.0 m 3.0 m=18.0 m2 10.0 m 3.0 m 30.0 m2
表 3 移栽期秧苗素质及主要农作时期 Table 3
Renshou Pixian Ya’an
Purple arent material Heavy loam 5.14 Alluvial arent material Medium loam 5.58 Purple arent material Heavy loam
1.3
试验设计 180 kg· hm-2 A B B2 B3
DENG Fei1, WANG Li1, REN Wan-jun1, LIU Dai-yin2, YANG Wen-yu1
(1 College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan; 2 Sichuan General Popularization Centre of Agricultural Technique, Chengdu 610041)
收稿日期：2012-05-01 接受日期：2012-07-19 基金项目： 2011BAD16B05 联系方式： E-mail ddf273634096@163.com
2011YZGG-24 Tel 028-86290972 E-mail rwjun@126.com
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nitrogen accumulation. According to the correlation analysis, rice yield in Renshou was positively and significantly correlated to the nitrogen accumulation during sowing-jointing period and the translocation of rice leaf nitrogen, but the rice yield in Pixian was positively correlated to the nitrogen accumulation during heading-maturity period. In Ya’an, the effective panicle of rice was correlated to the nitrogen content of plant at maturity stage, while the spikelet number to the translocation of stem-sheath nitrogen, positively and significantly. Conclusion In order to coordinate the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen and increase the total nitrogen accumulation and grain yield, a suitable planting method, such as 50-day-old single seedling optimized-broadcasting treatment in Renshou and Pixian, 50-day-old single seedling hand-transplanted treatment in Ya’an, must be chosen to adapt different ecological conditions. Key words: rice; ecological condition; planting method; nitrogen accumulation; nitrogen distribution
Whole growth period Location Longitude (E) Latitude (N) Altitude (m) Seedling age(d) Accumulated temperature ( ) 104°18′ Renshou 103°55′ Pixian 102°98′ Ya’an 29°98′ 595 30°52′ 556 30°07′ 395 30 50 30 50 30 50 3570.0 3721.3 3601.5 3800.2 3724.6 3902.8 Rainfall (mm) 438.4 453.6 777.0 756.9 1195.0 1212.5 Sunshine hours (h) 659.7 713.6 653.4 719.6 631.1 667.0 Temperature ( ) 25.1 23.6 22.9 22.4 23.4 22.8 Rainfall (mm) 3.1 2.9 4.9 4.5 7.5 7.1 Sunshine hours (h) 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.2 4.0 3.9 Average daily
Abstract: Method
Objective
The hybrid rice combination II You 498 was used to clarify the effects of ecological conditions,
planting methods and their interaction on nitrogen accumulation, distribution and production efficiency of rice in Sichuan province. Field experiments were conducted in Renshou, Pixian and Ya’an in 2011, involving two seedling ages and four transplanting methods. During rice growth period, the dry matter weight, yield and nitrogen content of organs were measured, and the nitrogen accumulation, distribution, translocation and production efficiency under different ecological conditions were analyzed. Result The nitrogen content and accumulation of rice decreased, while the nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index significantly increased in Renshou which were characterized by low soil fertility and high light intensity. The 50-day-old seedling transplanting treatment improved the nitrogen accumulation during jointing-heading period and translocation of rice leaf and stem-sheath nitrogen after heading stage. Furthermore, it was found that the single seedling optimized-broadcasting treatment enhanced the nitrogen accumulation rate of rice during sowing-jointing and heading-maturity periods and thus improved the total